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Kleiber was born in Vienna. He studied in Prague and in 1923 became the music director of the Berlin State Opera in 1923.

He was known for his interpretations of the standard symphonic and operatic repertoire, as well as for championing new works. In 1925, for example, he conducted the premiere of Alban Berg's opera, Wozzeck. Later, when Berg's second opera Lulu was branded Entartete Musik (degenerate music) by the ruling Nazi Party, he resigned from his post at the Berlin Opera in protest. He later moved to Buenos Aires where he worked at the Colon Theater, and took ArgentinianArgentina is a Spanish-speaking country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in th citizenship in 1938.

Erich Kleiber was the father of Carlos KleiberCarlos Kleiber ( July 3, 1930 July 13, 2004) was an Austrian conductor. Kleiber was born in Berlin, the son of the conductor Erich Kleiber. As a boy, he moved to Buenos Aires with his father, who had resigned his post at the Berlin Opera in protest over t, himself a well known conductor.