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Erfurt was first mentioned in 742 under the name of "Erphesfurt". It was an important trading town during the Middle Ages near a ford in the Gera river. Together with the other five Thuringian woad-towns of Gotha, Tennstedt , Arnstedt and Langensalza it was the centre of the German woad-trade. In 1392 the Erfurt University was founded, which was famous at its time but became defunct in 1816. In 1803 Erfurt became a part of Prussia. Although enclosed by Thuringian territory, the city remained Prussian until 1945. After the German reunification Erfurt became the capital of the reestablished state of Thuringia.

The emblem of Erfurt is the complex of two churches, Mariendom and Severikirche, which stand directly side by side. Both churches tower above the townscape and are accessible via huge open stairs.

Another remarkable site is the Krämerbrücke, a bridge crossing the narrow Gera River. The bridge is covered with buildings and is hence inhabitated. It was built in 1325Events Muhammed Tughlaq succeeds his father Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi. Tenochtitlan founded. Births Nicolas Oresme Deaths January 7 King Dinis of Portugal, succeeded by his son Afonso IV 1325. with a churchThis article is about the Christian buildings of worship. For other uses of the word, see Church (disambiguation . Stanford University. A church is a building used in Christian worship. See also altar, altar rails, confessional, dome, nave, pew, pulpit, s on either bridgeheadA bridgehead is literally a military fortification that protects the end of a bridge that is closest to the enemy. The term has been generalized to mean any kind of defended area that is extended into hostile territory, in particular the segment of coastl - one of these churches still exists.

The Augustinerkloster is an ancient monastery. Martin LutherFor other people named Martin Luther see: Martin Luther (disambiguation Martin Luther (originally Martin Luder ( November 10, 1483 February 18, 1546) was a German theologian of the Christian religion and an Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Pr lived here as a monk from 1505Events Christ's College, Cambridge founded. Vasili III succeeds Ivan III as Grand Prince of Muscovy. Idiosa III of Chardonnay murdered. Arabs reach Comoros. Births John Knox Thomas Tallis Deaths Ivan III of Russia Jacob Obrecht 1505.- 11Events Diego Velazquez and Hernan Cortes conquer Cuba; Velazquez appointed Governor. August 24 Alfonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers the Sultanate of Malacca. St John's College, Cambridge founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort. Births November 15 Johanne.

Erfurt is the birthplace of one of J.S. Bach's cousins, Johann Bernhard BachJohann Bernhard Bach ( 1676 1749), was a German composer, and cousin of J. He was born in Erfurt, and his early musical education was by his father, Johann Aegidus Bach. He took up his position as organist in Erfurt in 1695, and then took a similar positi ( 1676- 1749), and also of the sociologist, Max Weber ( 1864- 1920).

On April 26, 2002 the student Robert Steinhäuser killed 13 teachers, 2 students, a policeman and himself at the Gutenberg- Gymnasium school, see Erfurt massacre.