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The ancestral home of the King under the Mountain, it became a Dwarven stronghold, where the Dwarves became a populous and prosperous people. The Dwarves of that time were skilled with Masonry and stone work, and contracted their work out to surrounding races and peoples. Clearly through this the Dwarves got very rich and amassed a large amount of Gold and treasure. This is what attracted Smaug to the mountain.

Whilst Thorin Oakenshield was one day out hunting, Smaug came from the mountains as a child dragon, and took over the mountain, hoarding all the gold. Thráin IIThrain II is a Dwarf from J. Tolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth. Thrain is the father of Thorin Oakenshield, and the son of Thror. He became heir of the lost King under the Mountain and King of Durin's Folk as Thrain II when his father Thror was and several companions escaped with burned beards by (as was later known) a secret door. For many years the dwarves lived in exile in the Ered LuinThe Ered Luin or Blue Mountains, also known as Ered Lindon is the mountain range at the far west of Eriador, in J. Tolkien's fictional world of Middle-earth. During the First Age, the Ered Luin was an unbroken line separating Eriador from Beleriand. Seven until by a chance meeting, Gandalf the Grey met Thorin Oakenshield, and they planned to reclaim the mountain.

In The HobbitThe Hobbit is a fantasy novel written by J. Tolkien originally as a children's story in the tradition of the fairy tale. It was first published on September 21, 1937 and serves as a preface to The Lord of the Rings (published many years later in 1954 and, BilboBilbo can mean either: Theodore G. Bilbo, a politician who upheld racial segregation and became Senator for the State of Mississippi. Bilbo Baggins, protagonist of The Hobbit by J. Bilbao, the major city in the Basque Country of northern Spain. and Thorin's company travel to the Lonely Mountain to regain the treasure Smaug had stolen. Set into the side of the mountain was a secret door, five feet high and wide enough for three to walk abreast. GandalfIan McKellen portrays Gandalf in The Two Towers. Because of his openness he is well-liked by many Tolkien fans. This article is about the fictional character from J. Tolkien's books. For other meanings of Gandalf see: Gandalf (disambiguation Gandalf is a had managed to obtain the door's key, which would only open it when the setting sun and the last moon of autumn were in the sky together. By a fortunate coincidence, this happened just as Bilbo and the Dwarves arrived.

By more luck than wisdom Smaug was eventually slain — shot out of the sky with a well-targeted arrow to his only weakspot by Bard the BowmanA fictional character in The Hobbit by J. Tolkien, Bard the Bowman of Esgaroth was one of the most skilled archers among Men, and the heir of Girion, the last king of old Dale. Bard was able to slay the dragon Smaug after a tip from the old thrush (who ha, a man of Esgaroth — and Thorin claimed the mountain. Bard later became king of the area in the shadow of the Lonely Mountain, known as the Dale. However Elves of Mirkwood and Men of Esgaroth claimed a part of the treasure, which Thorin refused to share. This led to the Battle of Five Armies, where Dáin II Ironfoot came to the aid of his cousin Thorin, but Dwarves, Elves, and Men joined ranks together with the Eagles against the Orcs. During the battle, Thorin was mortally injured, and the titles King under the Mountain and King of Durin's Folk passed to Dáin.

Following all the violence and desolation of Smaug, Dáin made the area prosperous again, and Dwarves and Humans reforged their friendship. Dáin was killed during the War of the Ring, and was followed by his son Thorin III Stonehelm.