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He was born in Manchester ( England) on 29 March 1853, but his family moved to Philadelphia in 1858.
In 1879 he established, with Edwin J. Houston, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company . In 1892 this merged with the Edison General Electric Company to become the General Electric Company.
Thomson's name is further comemorated by the British Thomson-Houston Company (BTH), and the French companies ThomsonThomson SA, formerly known as Thomson Multimedia is a multinational electronics manufacturer and media services provider headquartered in Boulogne, France. Thomson operates under its four strategic brands servicing a variety of global markets: Thomson: Pr and AlstomAlstom (formerly GEC-Alsthom is a large French company whose businesses are power generation and manufacturing trains (e. the TGV and Eurostar) and ships (e. the Queen Mary 2). According to the company website, in the year 2001/02 Alstom had annual sales. His early companies are also involved in the history of The General Electric Company Limited (GEC) in Britain and the Compagnie Général d'Electricité in France.