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The city is situated on the border with the United States, across from the town of Madawaska, Maine. The area was at the center of the Aroostook War over the boundary line between the USA and what was then British North America.
Every year in August, there is a huge cultural festival in Edmundston called the Foire Brayonne. The festival is the biggest French festival held in Canada outside the province of Quebec.
Forestry is the major industry in the Edmundston area, with several sawmills and paper plants in the vicinity, the largest being the Fraser Plant.
Originally named Petit-Sault, the settlement was renamed Edmundston in 1850 after Sir Edmund Head , who was Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick from 1848 to 1854 and Governor-General of Canada from 1854 to 1861.
According to the 2001 Statistics Canada census:
| Population: | 17,373 (-2.8% from 1996) |
| Land area: | 106.90 kmē |
| Population density: | 162.5 people/kmē |
| Median age: | 42.2 (males: 40.4, females: 43.5) |
| Total private dwellings: | 7,725 |
| Median household income: | $36,307 |