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The Farnese continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the Duchy was inherited by the Spanish Infant Don Carlos, whose mother Isabella Farnese was the Farnese heiress. He ruled until the end of the War of the Polish Succession in 1735, when Parma was ceded to the Emperor in exchange for the Two Sicilies. The Austrians only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded to the Infant Don Felipe , Don Carlos's younger brother. As Duke Filippo, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma .

In 1802, the Duchies were occupied by the French, who took over administration, and, in 1808, annexed them, forming out of them the Département of Taro (although two of his officials were given the titles of Duc de Parme and Duc de Piacenze. In 1814Events January 14 Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden January 29 French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne January 31 Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina. February Congress of Chatillon see George Hamilton Gordo, the Duchies were restored, now under Napoleon's wife, Marie LouiseMarie Louise ( December 12, 1791 December 17, 1847) was the second wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and Empress of France. She was born Marie Louise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Josepha Lucia, Princess Imperial and Archduchess of Austria, Princess Royal of Hun, who was to rule them for her lifetime. She died in 1847Events January 4 Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the United States government. January 13 The Treaty of Cahuenga ends the Mexican-American War in California. January 16 John C. Fremont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory., and the Bourbons, who had heretofore been ruling the tiny Duchy of Lucca , returned. The Bourbons ruled until 1859Events January 2 Erastus Beadle publishes The Dime Book of Practical Etiquette''. February 14 Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U. February 16 George Washington Gale Ferris Jr born February 16, 1859 Galesburg, Knox, IL March 26 French amateur astronomer clai, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria. The Duchies joined with TuscanyThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a state in central Italy which came into existence in 1569, replacing the Duchy of Florence, which had been created out of the old Republic of Florence in 1532, and which annexed the Republic of Siena in 1557. The Grand Duch and Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December, and were annexed to the Kingdom of SardiniaPiedmont, with Savoia upper left (pink) and Nizza ( Nice) lower left (brown) both now French, and Sardinia in the inset The Kingdom of Sardinia is a former kingdom in Italy. Early history The traditional giudicati of Sardinia, which were independent triba in March of 1860Events March 6 Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut April 3 The Pony Express makes its first run. May 9 The Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States. May 13 Batt.