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Historically under common law, for an instrument to be a valid deed it needed five things:

• It must indicate that the instrument itself conveys some privilege or thing to someone. This is indicated by using the word hereby or the phrase by these presents in the sentence indicating the gift.
• The person receiving the privilege or thing must have the legal capacity to receive it.
• The grantor must have the legal ability to grant the thing or privilege.
• A seal must be affixed to it. Most jurisdictions have eliminated this requirement and replaced it with the signature of the grantor. However, for conveyances of real estate, most jurisdictions require that the deed be acknowleged before a Notary Public and some may require a witness or witnesses in addition.
• It must be delivered to and accepted by the recipient.

Conditions attached to the acceptance of a deed are known as covenants.

In the United States of America, a pardon of the PresidentThe President of the United States is the head of state of the United States. Under the U. Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander in chief of the armed forces. Because of the superpower status of th was at one time considered to be a deed and thus needed to be accepted by the recipient. This made it impossible to grant a pardon posthumously. However, in the case of Henry Ossian FlipperHenry Ossian Flipper ( March 21, 1856- May 3, 1940) was the first African-American cadet to graduate from West Point, on June 15, 1877. Born a slave in Georgia, he took advantage of Reconstruction to attend Atlanta University, where, as a freshman, he was, this view was altered when President Bill ClintonWilliam Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946) is a U. politician who served two terms as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. A moderate Democrat who was elected Governor of Arkansas five times, Cli pardoned him in 1999.

In some jurisdictionThe term jurisdiction has more than one sense. Power of a court of law Jurisdiction is the power of a court to hear and decide a case before it. In most common law systems, jurisdiction is conceptually divided between jurisdiction over the subject matters, a deed of trust is used as an equivalent to a mortgageIntro A mortgage is a device used to create a lien on real estate by contract. The mortgage is an instrument that the borrower (called the mortgagor) uses to pledge real property to the lender (called the mortgagee) as security for a debt, also called hyp.

In some jurisdictions (especially New ZealandFor alternative meanings, see New Zealand (disambiguation). New Zealand is a country formed of two major islands and a number of smaller islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. A common Mori name for New Zealand is Aotearoa popularly translated as Land) a deed of endowment is used as an equivalent to a Royal CharterIn the United Kingdom a Royal Charter is a charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy Council, which creates or gives special status to an incorporated body. It is an exercise of the Royal Prerogative. At one time a Royal Charter was the, often used to establish educational or medical institutions. One such example is when the Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey, established the Auckland and Wellington Grammar Schools in 1850.

In the transfer of real estate, a grant deed conveys ownership from the old owner to the new owner, and includes a warranty that the old owner's claim to the property was valid. With a quitclaim deed the old owner forsakes his or her claim of ownership in favor of the new owner, but it does not contain any warranty that the old owner's claim was actually valid. While a grant deed is normally used for all real estate sales and transfers, quitclaim deeds are sometimes used for transfers between family members, gifts, and other special or unusual circumstances