Danelaw Geography Of The Danelaw History Of The Danelaw

The area occupied by the Danelaw was roughly the area to the north of a line drawn between between London and the river Mersey.

Five fortified towns became particularly important in the Danelaw: Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham, Stamford and Derby. These strongholds became known as the "Five Boroughs". Borough derives from the Old English word burg, meaning a fortified town.

2 History of the Danelaw

From about 800 AD, waves of viking assaults on the coastlines of the British Isles, were gradually followed by a succession of settlers, bringing with them a culture and a tradition markedly different from that of the prevalent Anglo-Saxon society. These enclaves rapidly expanded, and soon the viking warriors were establishing areas of control to such an extent that they might reasonably be described as kingdoms.

The reason for these wave of immigrations are complex and bound to the political situation in ScandinaviaScandinavia is the cultural and historic region of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Scandinavian countries are Norway, Sweden and Denmark, which mutually recognize each other as parts of Scandinavia. The collective label "Scandinavia" reflects the cultural at that time; moreover, they occurred at a time when the viking forces were also establishing their presence in the HebridesThis article is about the Hebrides islands in Scotland. See also the New Hebrides for the islands constituting Vanuatu. The Hebrides are a spread-out and diverse group of islands off the west coast of Scotland, and in geological terms are composed of the, in the Orkneys, the Faroe IslandsThe Faroe Islands ( Faroese: Foroyar meaning "Sheep Islands") are a group of islands in the north Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland. They are an autonomous region of the kingdom of Denmark. Since 1948 they have had self-government in almost all, and in IcelandThe Republic of Iceland is an island nation in the northern Atlantic Ocean, located between Greenland and Scotland, northwest of the Faroe Islands. Lydveldid Island ( In Detail) (Full size) National motto: none Official languageNone. Icelandic de facto''..

The Danelaw was formally established as a result of the Treaty of Wedmore in the late 9th century, after Alfred the Great had defeated the Viking Guthrum at the Battle of Edington. The Danelaw represented a consolidation of power for Alfred; the subsequent conversion of Guthrum to Christianity underlines the ideological significance of this shift in the balance of power.

3 Legal concepts of the Danelaw

The Danelaw was an important factor in the establishment of a civilian peace in the neighbouring Anglo-Saxon and viking communities. It established, for example, equivalences in areas of legal contentiousness, such as the amount of reparation that should be payable in weregild.

Many of the legalistic concepts were very compatible; for example the viking wapentake, the standard for land division in the Danelaw was effectively interchangeable with the Anglo-Saxon hundred.

4 Enduring impact of the Danelaw

The influence of this period of Scandinavian settlement can still be seen in the North of England and the East Midlands, most evidently in place names: name endings such as "by" or "thorp" being particular giveaways.

Old Norse and Old English were still mutually comprehensible, and the mixed language of the Danelaw caused the incorporation of many words into the English language, including the word law itself. Many Old Norse words still survive in the dialects of Northeastern England.

Four of the five boroughs became county towns — of the counties of Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. However, Stamford failed to gain such status — perhaps because of the nearby anomalous territory of Rutland.

5 Significant archaeological sites related to the Danelaw

Major archaeological sites which bear testimony to the Danelaw are few, but perhaps the most famous is the site at York, which derives its name from the Norse, Jorvik. Other sites include the cremation site at Ingoldsby .

6 See also

7 Bibliography

Types of Manorial Structure in the Northern Danelaw, Frank M. Stenton, London, 1910

Anglo-Saxon England

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1 Geography of the Danelaw