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In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the term county town is usually used for the same purpose.

Special U.S. circumstances

The power of the county government varies widely from state to state as does the relationship between counties and incorporated municipal governments.

• In Virginia, many county seats are politically not a part of the counties they serve; under Virginia law, all municipalities incorporated as cities are independent cities and are not part of any county. Some of the cities in the Hampton Roads area ( Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Newport News, Hampton, and Suffolk) were formed from an entire county. These cities are no longer county seats, since the counties ceased to exist once the cities were completely formed, but are functionally equivalent to counties.
• New York CitySkyline, with Statue of Liberty New York, New York" redirects here. For alternate meanings, see New York, New York (disambiguation). New York — officially named City of New York and often called New York City to distinguish it from the state of New York, encompasses, and is therefore the county seat of, four counties: New York County ( ManhattanFor other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation . Manhattan is the name of an island alongside the lower Hudson River and also of one of the five boroughs that form the City of New York. The borough is coterminous with New York County and includes the Islan), Kings County ( BrooklynFor other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). Brooklyn Bridge in 1890, seven years after its opening New York State Brooklyn with about 2. 5 million inhabitants, is the most populous of the five boroughs of New York City, and would be the fourth larg), Bronx County ( The BronxThe Bronx is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States. It is coterminous with Bronx County of the State of New York. It is the northernmost and only mainland borough of New York City, located south of Westchester County. It also incl), and Richmond County ( Staten Island). Queens County ( Queens) is an exception, as the county seat of the district is Jamaica, a community located within Queens.
• In some New England states, such as Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, counties are only geographic designations and do not have any governmental powers. All government is either done at the state level or at the municipal (town or city) level.
• In Louisiana, the parish is the name used for counties. As such, the parish seat would be the equivalent of the county seat. The city of New Orleans is coterminous with, and identical to, Orleans Parish.
• The state of California has one consolidated city-county, San Francisco. The city's board of supervisors govern both aspects, and there is both a city police department and a county sheriff, the latter mostly responsible for operating the county jail (which is located in adjacent San Mateo County).

• In Pennsylvania the city of Philadelphia also has the status of a county. In Maryland the city of Baltimore is distinct from the county of Baltimore.

See also: borough seat (Alaska), parish seat (Louisiana), and shire town (Vermont).