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Psychotherapy is a set of techniques believed to cure or to help solve behavioral and other psychological problems in humans. The common part of these techniques is direct personal contact between therapist and patient, mainly in the form of talking. Owing to the nature of these communications, there are significant issues of patient privacy and/or client confidentiality .1 Schools and approaches
Psychoanalysis was the earliest form of psychotherapy, but many other theories and techniques are now used by psychotherapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, personal growth facilitators and social workers. Techniques for group therapy have been developed.
While behaviour is often a target of the work, many approaches value the notion of "psyche" in the root of the word. This is especially true of the psychodynamic schools of psychotherapy, which today include Jungian therapy and Psychodrama. Other approaches focus on the link between the mind and body and try to access deeper levels of the psyche through manipulation of the physical body. Examples are Rolfing, Pulsing and Postural Integration .
A distinction can also be made between those psychotherapies that employ a medical model and those that employ a humanistic model. In the medical model the client is seen as unwell and the therapist employs their skill to help them back to health. An example would be Freudian psychotherapy. In the humanistic model the therapist facilitates learning in the individual and the clients own natural process draws them to a fuller understanding of themselves. An example would be Gestalt therapy.
Cognitive behavioural therapy aims to treat specific symptoms or problems in a limited number of therapeutic sessions and for this reason is particularly common where the mode of psychotherapy is dictated by the demands of insurance companies who wish to see a financially limited commitment.
A computer program called ELIZA has been built to perform an automated and extremely simplified version of Rogersian psychotherapy.
2 List of psychotherapeutic modalities
In the 20th century a bewildering range of psychotherapies sprang up in western societies.
The following is only a partial list:
- Analytical psychologyAnalytical psychology is a school of Depth Psychology based upon the movement started by Carl Jung and his followers as distinct from the (at the time) Freudian-dominated psychoanalysis. It is based on the concept that we are not aware of our personal unc
- Autogenic psychotherapy
- Behavior therapy
- Biodynamic psychotherapy
- Bioenergetic analysis
- BiosynthesisBiosynthesis is a phenomenon where chemical compounds are produced from simpler reagents. Biosynthesis, unlike chemical synthesis, takes place within living organisms and is generally catalysed by enzymes. The synthesis generally consumes energy, usually
- Brief therapy
- Classical Adlerian PsychotherapyClassical Adlerian individual psychotherapy brief therapy, couple therapy, and family therapy follow parallel paths. Clients are encouraged to overcome their feelings of insecurity, develop deeper feelings of connectedness, and to redirect their striving
- Co-CounsellingCo-Counselling is a grass roots low cost form of psychotherapy which uses minimal training to teach its members some basic rules in the therapist / client relationship. Members then meet regularly in pairs to give each other peer-to-peer counselling, in t
- Cognitive analytic psychotherapy
- Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy
- Concentrative movement therapy
- Core process psychotherapyCore process psychotherapy is a psychotherapy that practices a buddhist awareness as the centre of a healing relationship between client and therapist. It was founded by Maura Sills and Franklyn Sills. The Karuna Institute, a non-profit charity set in Wid
- Daseins analytic psychotherapy
- Depth Psychology
- Emotional Freedom TechniquesEmotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is a branch of Energy psychology and was created by Gary Craig. It is allegedly a method of dealing with stress and trauma Further reading Dr. Fred Gallo (2000). Energy Psychology CRC Press. com Psychotherapy. (EFT)
- Encounter groupsEncounter groups sprang up in the New Age psychic-awareness environment of the 1960s, and explored new models of inter-personal communication and the intensification of psychological experience. A commercialized strand of the encounter group movement deve
- Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- Existential analysis
- Family systems therapy
- Focusing
- Freudian psychotherapy
- Gestalt therapy
- Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy
- Group therapy
- Hakomi
- Holotropic Breathwork
- Humanistic psychology
- Hypnotherapy
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