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A series of articles published in 1991 in the journal "Critical Inquiry" served as a manifesto for this movement of critical constructionism in various disciplines including natural sciences. Not only truth and reality, but also " evidence", " document", " experience", " fact", " proof", and other central categories of empirical research (in physics, biology, statistics, history, lawThis article is about law in society. For other possible meanings, see law (disambiguation). Law (a loanword from Danish-Norwegian lov , in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules of conduct which mandate or proscribe (or both) specified relationshi, etc.) reveal their contingent character as a social and ideological construction. Thus the “realist” or “rationalist” interpretation is subjected to criticism.

While recognizing the constructedness of reality, many representatives of this critical paradigm deny to philosophy the task of the creative construction of reality. They eagerly criticize realistic judgments, but they do not dare to move beyond analytic procedures based on subtle tautologiesIn logic, a tautology is a statement which is true by its own definition, and is therefore fundamentally uninformative. Logical tautologies use circular reasoning within an argument or statement. In linguistics, a tautology is a redundancy due to superflu. They wish to remain in the critical paradigm and consider it to be a standard of scientific philosophy per se. The problem of critical constructionism is that it is excessively critical and insufficiently constructive.

1 See also

• Social constructionismSocial constructionism is a school of thought introduced into sociology by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann with their 1966 book on The Social Construction of Reality''. The interest of social constructionism is to discover the ways social reality and

2 Proponents

• Heinz von FoersterHeinz von Foerster ( November 13, 1911 October 2, 2002) was a scientist combining physics and philosophy. He worked in the field of cybernetics and was essential for the development of the radical constructivism theory. He is also known for his interest i
• Ernst von Glasersfeld
• Humberto MaturanaHumberto Maturana (born 1928 in Santiago) is a Chilean biologist and philosopher. Together with Francisco Varela, he invented the concept of autopoiesis. Maturana is also considered to be one of the founders of radical constructivism a relativistic episte
• Gerhard Roth
• Francisco VarelaFrancisco Varela ( September 7, 1946, Santiago May 28, 2001, Paris) was a Chilean biologist and philosopher, who, together with Humberto Maturana, is most well-known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology. He is also a proponent of the embo