Speech communicationAs with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition; however, most would agree that language is a system of communication or reasoning using representation along with metaphor and some manner of logical grammar. Many languas
Cross-cultural communicationCross-cultural communication looks at how people, from differing cultural backgrounds, endeavor to communicate. It is more frequently referred to as " Intercultural communication". The main theories for intercultural communication are based on the work do
TelecommunicationTelecommunication is the extension of communication over a distance. In practice it also recognizes that something may be lost in the process; hence the term 'telecommunication' covers all forms of distance and/or conversion of the original communicationss
Computer-mediated communicationComputer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is any form of communication between two or more individual people who interact and/or influence each other via separate computers. Notice that this does not include the methods by which two computers communicate, buts
2 Forms and components of human communication
HumanHuman beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. Biologically, they are classified as Homo sapiens ( Latin for knowing man , a primate species of mammal with a highly developed brain. In spirituas communicate in order to share knowledgeKnowledge is the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in the form of experience or learning. Knowledge is an appreciation of the possession of interconnected details which, in isolation, are of lesser value. Knowledge is a te and experienceThis page is about the general concept; for the concept in roleplaying games, see experience point. Experience is knowledge of and skill in something gained through being involved in or exposed to it over a period of time. It generally refers to know-hows. Common forms of human communication include sign languageA sign language is a language which uses gestures instead of sound to convey meaning combining handshapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, facial expressions and lip-patterns. Sign languages are usually developed in deaf communities,, speaking, writing, gestures, and broadcasting. Communication can be interactive, transactive, intentional , or unintentional ; it can also be verbal or nonverbal. In addition, communication can be intrapersonal or interpersonal. There are a number of theories of communication that attempt to explain human communication.
As the technology evolved, communication protocol also had to evolve; for example, Thomas Edison had to discover that hello was the least ambiguous greeting by voice over a distance; previous greetings such as hail tended to be lost or garbled in the transmission.
As regards human communication these diverse fields can be divided into those which cultivate a thoughtful exchange between a small number of people ( debate, talk radio, e-mail, personal letters) on the one hand; and those which disseminate broadly a simple message ( Public relations, television, cinema).
Our indebtedness to the Romans in the field of communication does not end with the Latin root "communicare". They devised what might be described as the first real mail or postal system in order to centralize control of the empire from Rome. This allowed Rome to gather knowledge about events in its many widespread provinces.
As the Romans well knew, communication is as much about taking in towards the centre as it is about putting out towards the extremes. Thus peace is a side-effect of communication, starting, for example, when the August 30th 1963communication hotline between U.S. and Soviet leaders went into operation.
The view people take toward communication is changing, as new technologies change the way they communicate and organize. In fact, it is the changing technology of communication that tends to make the most frequent and widespread changes in a society - take for example the rise of web cam chat and other network-based visual communications between distant parties. The latest trend in communication, decentralized personal networking , is termed smartmobbing.
4 Communication barriers
Anxiety associated with communication is known as communication apprehension. Such anxiety tends to be influenced by one's self-concept. Besides apprehension, communication can be impaired via bypassing, indiscrimination, and polarization. Failing to share a common language is also an important barrier in many parts of the world.
5 References
[1] Dance, Frank. "The 'concept' of communication. Journal of Communication, 20, 201-210 (1970).