1 History of Colorado

The Colorado Gold Rush of 1859 (see also Fifty-Niner) brought large numbers of settlers to the Denver area. Gold in paying quantities was soon discovered in the Central City area. By 1860 the population of Central City was 60,000. Like all resource extraction, mining is a boom or bust situation and over the years many small towns were established then abandoned when the paying ore ran out or the market collapsed. Some like Aspen, Telluride, and Cripple Creek have found new life as ski resorts, cultural centers, or gambling towns; others never recovered and became ghost towns.

• History prior to joining the United States
• Colorado Territory was organized as a United States territory on February 28, 1861.
• Attained statehood: 1876
• Colorado women were granted the right to vote starting on November 7, 1893.

See: History of Colorado

2 Law and government

Like the majority of the states, Colorado's current constitution provides for 3 branches of government: the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The legislative body is the General Assembly made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 65 members and the Senate has 35. The governor, currently Bill Owens (Republican), heads the executive branch. See: List of Colorado Governors

3 Geography

300px Digital elevation model relief map of Colorado — much of the state is flat, despite stereotypes See: List of Colorado counties, List of Colorado rivers

East of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Colorado at elevations ranging from 3500 to 7000 ft (1,000 to 2,000 m). Kansas and Nebraska border Colorado to the east. The plains are sparsely settled with most settlements along the South Platte and the Arkansas rivers and the I-70 corridor. Rainfall is meager, averaging about 15 in/year (380 mm/year). There is some irrigated farming, but much of the land is used for dryland farming or ranching. Winter wheat is a typical crop and most small towns in the region boast both a water tower and a grain elevator.

The major cities and towns lie just east of the Front Range, in the I-25 corridor. The majority of the population of Colorado lives in this densely urbanized strip.

To the west lies the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains with notable peaks such as Long's Peak, Mount Evans, Pike's Peak, and the Spanish Peaks near Walsenburg in the south. This area drains to the east, is forested, and is partially urbanized. With urbanization, utilization of the forest for timbering and grazing was retarded which resulted in accumulation of fuel. During the drought of 2002 devastating forest fires swept this area.

To the west of the Front Range lies the continental divide. To the west of the continental divide is the Western Slope. Water west of the continental divide drains into the Pacific Ocean via the Colorado River.

Within the interior of the Rocky Mountains there are several large parks or broad high basins. In the north, on the east side of the continental divide is North Park. North Park is drained by the North Platte River which flows north into Wyoming. Just south, but on the west side of the continental divide is Middle Park, drained by the Colorado River. South Park is the headwaters of the South Platte River. To the South lies the San Luis Valley the headwaters of the Rio Grande which drains into New Mexico. Across the Sangre de Christo Range to the east of the San Luis Valley lies the Wet Mountain Valley. These basins, particularly the San Luis Valley, lie along the Rio Grande Rift, a major geological formation, and its branches. See Great Rift Valley.

The Rocky Mountains within Colorado contain 52 peaks over 14,000 ft (4,270 m), known as fourteeners. The mountains are timbered with conifers and aspen to the tree-line, at an elevation of about 12,000 ft (4,000 m) in southern Colorado to about 10,500 ft (3,200 m) in northern Colorado; above this only alpine vegetation grows. The Rockies are snow-covered only in the winter; most snow melts by mid August with the exception of a few small glaciers. The Colorado Mineral Belt stretching from the San Juan Mountains in the southwest to Boulder and Central City on the front range contains the historic gold and silver mining districts of Colorado.

The Western Slope is generally drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries. Notable to the South are the San Juan Mountains an extremely rugged mountain range and to the west of the San Juans, The Colorado Plateau a high desert bordering Southern Utah. Grand Junction is the largest city on the Western Slope. Grand Junction is served by Interstate Highway I-70. To the southeast of Grand Junction is Grand Mesa , a large flat-topped mountain. Further east lie the ski resorts of Aspen, Vail, Crested Butte, and Steamboat Springs. The northwestern corner of Colorado bordering Northern Utah and Western Wyoming is mostly sparsely populated rangeland.

From west to east, the state consists of desert-like basins, turning into plateaus, then alpine mountains, and then grasslands. Mount Elbert is the highest peak in the Rocky Mountains within the continental United States. The famous Pike's Peak is just west of Colorado Springs. Its lone peak is visible from near the Kansas border on clear days.

4 Colorado tourism and recreation

4.1 National parks

• Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park
• Mesa Verde National Park
• Rocky Mountain National Park

4.2 National monuments

• Colorado National Monument
• Dinosaur National Monument
• Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument
• Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Wilderness Area
• Hovenweep National Monument

4.3 National recreational areas

• Arapaho National Recreational Area
• Curecanti National Recreational Area

4.4 National forests

• Arapaho National Forest
• Grand Mesa National Forest
• Gunnison National Forest
• Pike National Forest
• Rio Grande National Forest
• Roosevelt National Forest
• Routt National Forest
• San Isabel National Forest
• San Juan National Forest
• Uncompahgre National Forest
• White River National Forest

4.5 National grasslands

• Comanche National Grassland
• Pawnee National Grassland

4.6 Wilderness areas

• Flat Top Wilderness Area
• Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Wilderness Area
• Hunter-Fryingpan Wilderness Area
• La Garita Wilderness Area
• Maroon Bells Snowmass Wilderness Area
• Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area
• Rawah Wilderness Area
• Sangre de Cristo Wilderness Area
• Weminuche Wilderness Area
• West Elk Wilderness Area

5 Economy

The state's economy broadened when irrigated agriculture developed, and by the late 19th century livestock raising had become important. Early industry was based on the processing of minerals and agricultural products. Current agricultural products are cattle, wheat, dairy products, corn, and hay.

In the second half of the 20th century the industrial and service sectors have expanded greatly. The state's economy is diversified and is notable for its concentration of scientific research and high-technology industries. Other industries include food processing, transportation equipment, machinery, chemical products, minerals such as gold and tourism. Denver is an important financial center.

The total state product in 1999 was $153 billion putting Colorado the 21^st. Per capital personal income in 2000 was $32,949.

6 Demographics

• Racial/ethnic makeup of state

Race alone or in combination with one or more other races:1
White persons	3,561,444	82.8%
Black or African American persons	163,448	3.8%
American Indian and Alaska Native persons	43,013	1.0%
Asian persons	120,779	2.2%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander persons	4,301	0.1%
Persons reporting some other race	309,691	7.2%
Persons reporting two or more races	120,435	2.8%
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin	735,516	17.1%
White persons, not of Hispanic/Latino origin	3,204,439	74.5%

1In combination with one or more of the other races listed. The six numbers may add to more than the total population and the six percentages may add to more than 100 percent because individuals may report more than one race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08000.html.

7 Important cities and towns

Each city named in bold has a population greater than 100,000.

Denver Aurora Lakewood Arvada Westminster Thornton Highlands Ranch Southglenn Littleton Broomfield Wheat Ridge Englewood Northglenn Ken Caryl Castlewood Columbine Parker Commerce City Sherrelwood Golden Welby Federal Heights Greenwood Village Berkley

Colorado Springs Security-Widefield Fountain Cimarron Hills Black Forest Fort Carson Fort Collins Loveland Pueblo Pueblo West Boulder Lafayette Longmont Louisville Superior

Greeley Grand Junction Clifton Brighton Canon City Castle Rock Montrose Durango Fort Morgan Avon Silverthorne Sterling Evergreen Woodland Park Windsor

Population < 10,000 Aspen -- renowned ski resort Leadville Trinidad Walsenburg

8 Education

8.1 Colleges and universities

Adams State College Colorado Christian University Colorado College Colorado School of Mines Colorado State University Colorado Technical University Fort Lewis College Jones International University Mesa State College Metropolitan State College of Denver Naropa Institute National Technological University

Nazarene Bible College Regis University Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design United States Air Force Academy University of Colorado System University of Colorado at Boulder University of Colorado at Colorado Springs University of Colorado at Denver University of Colorado Health Sciences Center University of Denver University of Northern Colorado University of Southern Colorado Western State College

9 Professional sports teams

Denver Broncos, National Football League Denver Nuggets, National Basketball Association Colorado Rockies, Major League Baseball

Colorado Avalanche, National Hockey League Colorado Rapids, Major League Soccer Colorado Springs Sky Sox, Minor league baseball

10 Miscellaneous information

Unlike most high school athletic letter clubs, the varsity athletes of some of the high schools are awarded a "C" for Colorado, and they belong to the "C Club" of their high school, when they letter in a sport, rather than the initial of the school. This is not the case at most high schools. At Thompson Valley High School in Loveland, Colorado, letters are awarded with the school initials "TV", and in the school colors--black and gold.

See: Colorado River

10.1 Major highways

Interstate 25 Interstate 70 Interstate 76 U.S. Highway 6

U.S. Highway 36 U.S. Highway 50 U.S. Highway 85 U.S. Highway 87

11 Further reading

• Explore Colorado, A Naturalist's Handbook, The Denver Museum of Natural History and Westcliff Publishers, 1995, BooksEnthsiast.com for an excellent guide to the ecological regions of Colorado.
• The Archeology of Colorado, Revised Edition, E. Steve Cassells, Johnson Books, Boulder, Colorado, 1997, trade paperback, BooksEnthsiast.com.
• Chokecherry Places, Essays from the High Plains, Merrill Gilfillan, Johnson Press, Boulder, Colorado, trade paperback, BooksEnthsiast.com.
• The Tie That Binds, Kent Haruf , 1984, hardcover, BooksEnthsiast.com, a fictional account of farming in Colorado.
• Railroads of Colorado: Your Guide to Colorado's Historic Trains and Railway Sites, Claude Wiatrowski, Voyageur Press, 2002, hardcover, 160 pages, BooksEnthsiast.com

12 External link

• The Official Colorado State Website

Regions of Colorado
Eastern Plains | Denver metropolitan area | Front Range | Mineral Belt | San Luis Valley | Western Slope
Largest Cities
Arvada | Aurora | Boulder | Broomfield | Colorado Springs | Denver | Englewood | Fort Collins | Grand Junction | Greeley | Lafayette | Lakewood | Littleton | Longmont | Loveland | Northglenn | Parker | Pueblo | Westminster | Wheat Ridge
Counties
Adams | Alamosa | Arapahoe | Archuleta | Baca | Bent | Boulder | Broomfield | Chaffee | Cheyenne | Clear Creek | Conejos | Costilla | Crowley | Custer | Delta | Denver | Dolores | Douglas | Eagle | El Paso | Elbert | Fremont | Garfield | Gilpin | Grand | Gunnison | Hinsdale | Huerfano | Jackson | Jefferson | Kiowa | Kit Carson | La Plata | Lake | Larimer | Las Animas | Lincoln | Logan | Mesa | Mineral | Moffat | Montezuma | Montrose | Morgan | Otero | Ouray | Park | Phillips | Pitkin | Prowers | Pueblo | Rio Blanco | Rio Grande | Routt | Saguache | San Juan | San Miguel | Sedgwick | Summit | Teller | Washington | Weld | Yuma

Political divisions of the United States

States Alabama | Alaska | Arizona | Arkansas | California | Colorado | Connecticut | Delaware | Florida | Georgia | Hawaii | Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa | Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine | Maryland | Massachusetts | Michigan | Minnesota | Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | Nebraska | Nevada | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico | New York | North Carolina | North Dakota | Ohio | Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas | Utah | Vermont | Virginia | Washington | West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming Federal district District of Columbia Insular areas American Samoa | Baker Island | Guam | Howland Island | Jarvis Island | Johnston Atoll | Kingman Reef | Midway Atoll | Navassa Island | Northern Mariana Islands | Palmyra Atoll | Puerto Rico | Virgin Islands | Wake Island

U.S. states Colorado

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