| • Science | • People | • Locations | • Timeline |
Born at Douai of a good family, he entered the legal profession and became successively advocate to the general council of Artois, procureur to the parlement of Douai, master of requests, intendant of Metz (1768) and of Lille (1774). He seems to have been a man of great business capacity and carefree temperament, but thoroughly unscrupulous in political action. In the terrible crisis preceding the French Revolution, when minister after minister tried in vain to replenish the exhausted royal treasury, Calonne was summoned to take the general control of affairs. He assumed office on November 3, 1783.
He owed the position to Vergennes, who for over three years continued to support him; but the king was disliked him, and, according to the Austrian ambassador, his public image was extremely poor. In taking office he found debts of 600 million, and no means of paying them. At first he attempted to obtain credit, and to support the government by means of loans so as to maintain public confidence in its solvency. In October 1785 he recoined the gold coinage, and he developed the caisse d'escompte.
But these measures failing, he proposed to the king the suppression of internal customs, duties and the taxation of the property of nobles and clergy. TurgotAnne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune often referred to as Turgot ( May 10, 1727 ? March 18, 1781), was a French statesman and economist. Born in Paris, he was the youngest son of Michel Etienne Turgot, "provost of the merchants" of Paris, and Madele and Jacques NeckerJacques Necker ( September 30, 1732 April 9, 1804) was a French statesman and finance minister of Louis XVI. Early life Necker was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His father was a native of Kustrin in Pomerania (now Kostrzyn, Poland), and had, after the publ had attempted these reforms, and Calonne attributed their failure to the malevolence of the parlements. Therefore he called an assembly of notables in January 1787. To them, he exposed the deficit in the treasury, and proposed the establishment of a subvention territoriale, which should be levied on all property without distinction.
This suppression of privileges was badly received. Calonne, angered, printed his reports and so alienated the court. Louis XVILouis XVI of France ( August 23, 1754 January 21, 1793) succeeded his grandfather ( Louis XV of France) as King of France on May 10, 1774; he was crowned on June 11, 1775. His father, the Louis dauphin son of Marie Leszczynska, had died in 1765. Louis was dismissed him on April 8April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). There are 267 days remaining. Events 1700-1899 1730 Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated. 1742 The first performance of George Frideric Hand, 1787Events In Britain, Thomas Clarkson and Granville Sharp formed the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade with support from John Wesley, Josiah Wedgwood and others. January 11 William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus. Februa and exiled him to LorraineLorraine Region Details Information Capital Metz Population Total ( 1999) Density 2,310,376 98 /km˛ Area 23,547 km˛ Arrondissements19 Cantons157 Communes2,337 President of the regional council Jean-Pierre Masseret Departements Meurthe-et-Moselle (54) Meus. The joy was general in Paris, where Calonne, accused of wishing to augment the imposts, was known as "Monsieur Deficit". In reality his audacious plan of reforms, which Necker took up later, might have saved the monarchy had it been supported by the king. Calonne soon afterwards left for England, and during his residence there kept up a polemical correspondence with Necker.
In 1789Events January 7 First nationwide United States election January 21 The first American novel, The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth is printed in Boston, Massachusetts January 23 Georgetown College becomes the first Catholic coll, when the states-general were about to assemble, he crossed to FlandersThis article is about a region of Western Europe and of Belgium. For other meanings, see Flanders (disambiguation). Today, Flanders ( Dutch: Vlaanderen French: Flandre or Flandres is a region in Western Europe, in Belgium and a nation, the 'community of t in the hope of offering himself for election, but he was forbidden to enter France. In revenge he joined the émigré party at Coblenz, wrote in their favour, and spent nearly all the fortune brought him by his wife, a wealthy widow. In 1802, having again taken up his abode in London, he received permission from Napoleon Bonaparte to return to France. He died about a month after his arrival in his native country.