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It is notable as the birthplace of Pope Pius VI and Pope Pius VII, and once had Pope Pius VIII as bishop, and is therefore calls itself the "city of the three popes".

Cesena was originally an Umbrian town, then taken over by Romans in the 3rd century BC. It was a garrison town of strategic importance which was destroyed in the wars between Marius and SullaThis page is about the Roman dictator Sulla, for the Brythonic goddess sometimes called Sulla, see Sul. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L·CORNELIVS·L·F·P·N·SVLLA·FELIX) (ca. 138 BC 78 BC) was usually known simply as Sulla . His cognomen Felix — the. PlinyGaius Plinius Secundus ( 23 79) better known as Pliny the Elder was an ancient author and scientist of some importance who wrote Naturalis Historia''. He was the son of a Roman eques by the daughter of the senator Gaius Caecilius of Novum Comum. He was bo mentions the wineThis article is about the beverage. See WINE for an article about the software of the same name. Wine is an alcoholic beverage typically made by fermentation of grapes. The word comes from Greek omicron;ινο&sigmaf through Latin vinum, (bots of Cesena as among the best.

Cesena was on the border that the Exarchate of RavennaThe Exarchate of Ravenna was a center of Byzantine power in Italy, from the end of the 6th century to 751 A. when the last Exarch was put to death by the Emperor's enemies in Italy, the Lombards. The Western emperors had abandoned Rome first for Milan and shared with the LombardThe Lombards were a Germanic tribe in history. Their name, Lombard has been given to some places such as: Lombard, Illinois Lombard Street, in the City of London Lombard Street, in San Francisco Lombard, Doubs, a commune of the Doubs departement in Frances. It was presented to the Papacy by its Frankish conqueror in 754Events Pope Stephen III crowns Pepin the short King of the Franks at St. Denis outside Paris; also dedicates the foundations of the new abbey church. Pepin the Short sends his armies into Italy to aid the pope against the Lombards. Fire in Canterbury. and passed back and forth between the popes and the archbishops of Ravenna, was briefly a communal republic 1183 - 1198 and was long contested between popes and Holy Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. The terminology of the title is somewhat confusing. The title ofs a fief held sometimes by the Malatesta, sometimes directly held by the papacy, not without resistance. The heroic defense of the town by Cia, wife of the Lord of Forli against beseiging Papal troops in 1357 was ultimately unsuccessful. The little commune revolted again in 1377. This time it was recaptured by troops of Ser John Hawkwood the English-born condottiere under the command of Robert, Cardinal of Geneva, the late anti- Pope Clement VII who, acting as the legate of Pope Gregory XI directed the savage murder of thousands of civilians, an atrocity by the rules of war at the time that earned the label the "Cesena Bloodbath" and the cardinal the "butcher of Cesena." In 1377, Robert of Geneva, (and later Antipope Clement VII) sacked the town, massacring many of the inhabitants. But during the period 1379- 1465, it recovered and prospered, once more under the rule of the Malatesta, who rebuilt the castle (called Rocca Malatestiana) overlooking the town. The Malatestiana Library, near the castle, is considered a fine example of a Renaissance library and holds many valuable manuscripts.

Cesena's industry centers on agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism.