Cellulose Acetate Film Fiber Acetate Fiber Characteristics

Acetate movie film was introduced in the 1950s as a replacement for the unstable and inflammable cellulose nitrate film stock that had previously been standard.

Acetate photographic film deteriorates in the presence of oxygen to an unusable state, releasing acetic acid. This is known as " vinegar syndrome."

2 Fiber

Cellulose acetate or acetate rayon fiber (1924) is one of the earliest synthetic fibers and is based on cotton or tree pulp cellulose ("biopolymers"). These "cellulosic fibers" have passed their peak as cheap petro-based fibers ( nylonNylon Density1150 kg/m3 Electrical conductivity(σ)10-12 (m· ohm)-1 Thermal conductivity0. 25 W/(m·K) Nylon is a synthetic polymer, a plastic, invented on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at the E. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, and polyester) and have displaced regenerated pulp fibers.

It was invented by two Swiss brothers, Doctors Camille and Henri Dreyfus, who originally began chemical research in a shed behind their father's house in BaselBasel ( English traditionally: Basle [ba:l], German: Basel ['ba:z@l], French Bale [ba:l], Italian Basilea [bazi'lE:a]) is Switzerland's third most populous city (188,000 inhabitants in the canton of Basel-City as of 2004; but 690,000 inhabitants in the co, SwitzerlandThe Swiss Confederation or Switzerland is a landlocked federal state in central Europe, with neighbours Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. The country has a strong tradition of political and military neutrality, but also of international c. In 1905, Camille and Henri developed a commercial process to manufacture cellulose acetate. The Dreyfus brothers initially focused on cellulose acetate film, which was then widely used in celluloidCelluloid is the name of a class of compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents, generally regarded to be the first thermoplastic. Easily molded and shaped, there are suggestions that celluloid was first made as an ivory plastics and motion picture film. By 1913, Camille and Henri's studies and experiments had produced excellent laboratory samples of continuous filament acetate yarn. In 1924, the first commercial acetate filament was spun in the United States and trademarked as Celanese.

2.1 Acetate fiber characteristics

2.2 Major industrial acetate fiber uses

apparel: blouses, dresses, linings, wedding and party attire, home furnishings, draperies, upholstery and slip covers
high absorbency products: diapers, feminine hygiene products, cigarette filters, surgical products, and other filters

2.3 Production

The Federal Trade CommissionThe Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an Independent Agency of the United States Government, established in 1914. The FTC enforces federal antitrust and consumer protection laws by investigating complaints against individual companies initiated by consume definition for acetate fiber is "A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is cellulose acetate. Where not less than 92 percent of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated, the term triacetate may be used as a generic description of the fiber."

Acetate is derived from cellulose by deconstructing wood pulp into a purified fluffy white cellulose. The cellulose is then reacted with acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. It is then put through a controlled, partial hydrolysis to remove the sulfate and a sufficient number of acetate groups to give the product the desired properties. The anhydroglucose unit is the fundamental repeating structure of cellulose and has three hydroxyl groups which can react to form acetate esters. The most common form of cellulose acetate fiber has an acetate group on approximately two of every three hydroxyls. This cellulose diacetate is known as secondary acetate, or simply as "acetate".

After it is formed, cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetone into a viscose resin for extrusion through spinnerets (which resemble a shower head). As the filaments emerge, the solvent is evaporated in warm air via dry spinning, producing fine cellulose acetate fibers.

First U.S. Commercial Acetate Fiber Production: 1924, Celanese Corporation

Current U.S. Acetate Fiber Producers: Celanese Acetate, Eastman Chemical Company

3 See also

4 External links

Acetates

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1 Film