| • Science | • People | • Locations | • Timeline |
| Contents | ||
Anabolism is a constructive metabolic process whereby energy is consumed to synthesize or combine simpler substances, such as amino acids, into more complex organic compounds, such as enzymes and nucleic acids.
Catabolism is a type of metabolic process occurring in living cells by which complex molecules are broken down to produce energy and reducing power. On balance, catabolic reactions are normally exothermic.
Main article: Carbohydrate catabolism
Carbohydrate catabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller units. The empirical formula for carbohydrates, like that of their monomer counterparts, is CX(H2YOY). Carbohydrates literally undergo combustion to retrieve the large amounts of energy in their bonds. Read more about mitochondria to find out more about the reaction and how its energy is secured in ATP.
Main article: Fat catabolism
Fat catabolism, also known as lipid catabolism, is the process of lipids or phospholipids being broken down by lipases. The opposite of fat catabolism is fat anabolism, involving the storage of energy, and the building of membranes.
Main article: Protein catabolism
Protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into amino acidIn chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. In biochemistry, this shorter and more general term is frequently used to refer to alpha amino acids: those amino acids in which the amino and carbs and simple derivative compounds, for transport into the cell through the plasma membrane and ultimately for the polymerisation into new proteinmyoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, which led to them receiving a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A protein is a complex,s via the use of ribonucleic acids ( RNARNA may also stand for the Republic of New Africa Ribonucleic acid RNA is a nucleic acid consisting of a string of covalently-bound nucleotides. It is biochemically distinguished from DNA by the presence of an additional hydroxyl group, attached to each p) and ribosomeA ribosome is an organelle composed of rRNA (synthesized in the nucleolus) and ribosomal proteins. It translates mRNA into a polypeptide chain (e. a protein). It can be thought of as a factory that builds a protein from a set of genetic instructions.s.