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There was never any doubt as to which side Canada would join in the Cold War. The cultural, economic, and historical ties with the United States and the United Kingdom were extremely strong.
Canada was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Canada was, in fact, one of its most ardent supporters and pushed (largely unsuccessfully) to have it become an economic and cultural organization in addition to a military alliance.
One of the most important early events of the Cold War occurred in Canada when Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk working at the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, defected. His revelations of widespread Soviet espionage against the west shocked both the public and world governments.
Canada began a widespread, but mostly hidden, programme of removing security threats from government and the military. This included removing suspected communist sympathizers and homosexuals. The RCMP even developed the " Fruit Machine" to test if a man was gay. Unlike in the United States with McCarthyism the cleansing was mostly done in private. Those fired would not even be told why that had been let go, and were told a variety of lies. The government helped those who were fired find new jobs and many were relocated to academia.
The United States wished the Canadian government would go further asking for a purging of trade unions, but Canada saw this as American hysteria. The American officials were especially concerned about the sailors on Great Lakes freight vessels, but Canada again refused to act. The Canadian communist party was never outlawed, unlike in the States.
To defend North AmericaNorth America is the third largest continent in area and the fourth ranked in population. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocea against a possible enemy attack Canada and the United States began to work very closely together in the 1950Events January January 5 US Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a resolution calling for examination of organized crime in the USA January 6 The United Kingdom recognizes the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China severs diplomatic relations withs. NORADNORAD is the North American Aerospace Defense Command . It is a joint United States and Canadian organization which provides aerospace warning and aerospace control for North America, and was founded on August 1, 1957 under the name North American Air Def created a joint air-defence system. In northern Canada the Distant Early Warning LineThe Distant Early Warning Line also known as the DEW Line or Early Warning Line was a system of radar stations in the far northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast and Aleutian Islands of Alaska, in addition to Green (Dew Line) was established to give warning of Soviet bomberA bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. For other uses of the word bomber see bomber (disambiguation). Strategic bombers are primarily designed for long-range strike missions against strategic targets heading over the pole. Great debate broke out while John Diefenbaker was Prime Minister as to whether Canada should accept U.S. nuclear weapons on its territory. Diefenbaker had already agreed to buy the BOMARC missile system from the Americans, which would be useless without nuclear warheads, but balked at permitting the weapons into Canada.
In the 1963 Canadian election Diefenbaker was replaced by the famed diplomat Lester B. Pearson, who accepted the warheads. Further tensions developed when Pearson criticized the American role in the Vietnam War in a speech he gave at
Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. See also Canada and the Vietnam War.Canada also refused to join the Organization of American States, disliking the support and tolerance of the Cold War OAS for dictators. Under Pearson’s successor Pierre Trudeau US-Canadian policies grew further apart. Trudeau removed nuclear weapons from Canadian soil, formally recognized the Peoples Republic of China, and decreased the number of Canadian troops stationed at NATO bases in Europe.