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In 1375, the castle was granted to Butler, newly-created Baron of Cahir, for his loyalty to Edward III. The Butlers of Cahir sided with the Irish in the Elizabethan wars, and in 1599 the castle was captured after a three day siege by the army of the Earl of Essex.

In the wars in Ireland in the late 1640s that accompanied the English Civil War the castle was besieged twice. In 1647 George Mathews, the guardian of the young Lord Cahir, surrendered to Lord Inchiquin and in 1650 he surrendered again to Oliver Cromwell without a shot being fired.

In 1961 the last Lord Cahir died and the castle reverted to the state.