Building Material Human Building Materials Mud Stone And Brush

From mud to metal, and from plastic to grass has been used to create living abodes and their related structures. Today there is a multibillion dollar industry involved in the production and assembly of various building materials. And much environmental concern has recently surfaced about the effects of such a massive resource extraction on a global scale.

1.1 Mud, stone, and brush

Mud, stone, and brush are probably the most basic building materials aside from tents made of flexible materials such as cloth or leather. Peoples all over the world have used these three materials together to create homes to suit their local weatherWeather comprises all the various phenomena that occur in the atmosphere of a planet. On Earth the regular events include wind, storms, rain, and snow, which occur in the troposphere or the lower part of the atmosphere. Weather is driven by energy from th conditions. In general stone and brush are used as basic structuralA structure can be a building or other thing built, such as a bridge, but here the structure of a thing is how the parts of it relate to each other, how it is put together; how it works is process, but process requires a viable structure. Both reality and components in these buildings, while mud is used to fill in the space between acting as a type of concrete and insulation.

Some examples are the wattle and daubDaub and wattle are building materials used in constructing houses. A woven latticework of wooden stakes called wattles is daubed with a mixture of mud and clay, animal dung and straw to create a structure. It is normally whitewashed to increase its resis mostly used as permanent housing in tropical countries or as summer structures by ancient northern peoples.

1.1.1 Dirt and clay

The amount of each material used leads to different styles of buildings. Building with mostly dirt and clay such as cobCob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. Cob outdoor oven Cob is a building material. It consists of a mixture of clay, sand and straw. Cob-building is a traditional technique that has been used for thousands of years and in all kind of climates (cob ho and sodA sod is grass turf and the part of the soil beneath it held together by the roots, or a piece of this material. Sod has occasionally been cut out in blocks to use as a building material, especially in grasslands where grass is plentiful and few other mat, resulted in homes that have been built for centuries in western and northern Europe as well as the rest of the world, and continue to be built, though on a smaller scale. Some of these buildings have remained habitable for hundreds of years.

1.1.2 Rock

Mostly stoneRock is a substance composed of minerals and classified according to mineral composition. Rocks are generally clasified by the processes that formed them, and are thus separated into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed fr buildings are those seen in most major cities as well as the Pyramids in Egypt, the AztecThe word "Aztec" is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. This article deals with the historical Aztec civilization, not with modern-day Nahuatl speakers. The Aztecs were a Mesoame pyramids and the remains of the Inca civilisation. Dry-stone walls have been built for as long as humans have put one stone on top of another.

1.1.3 Brush

Brush structures are built entirely from plant parts and are generally found in tropical areas, such as rainforests. Where very large leaves can be used in the building. Native Americans often built brush structures for resting and living in too. These are built mostly with branches, twigs and leaves, and bark, similar to a beaver's lodge. These were variously named wikiup s, lean-tos, and so forth.

1.1.4 Thatch

Thatch may in fact be one of the oldest of building materials around. Grass is a good insulator and easily harvested. Many African tribes have lived in homes made completely of grasses year round. In Europe thatch roofs on homes used to be very prevalent, there are still crafts people who specialize in the profession.

1.2 Wood Structures

Wood is or was the generic building material. It is used in building just about any type of structure in most climates. Wood is generally associated as coming from trees, although bamboo is also considered a type of wood, as well as some types of shrubs. Wood can be very flexible under loads, keeping strength while bending, and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically. There are many differing qualities to the different types of wood, even among same tree species.

In early days, wood for building large structures was used in its unprocessed form as logs. The trees were just cut to the needed length, sometimes stripped of bark, and then notched or lashed in to place.

1.3 Brick

A brick is a block made of kiln-fired material, usually clay or shale, but also may be of mud, etc. Clay bricks are formed in a moulding (the soft mud method), or in commercial manufacture more frequently by extruding clay through a die and then wire-cutting them to the proper size (the stiff mud process).

1.4 Concrete

Concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate and cement binder. The most common form of concrete is portland cement concrete, which consists of mineral aggregate (generally gravel and sand), portland cement and water.

After mixing, the cement hydrates and eventually hardens into a stone-like material. When used in the generic sense, this is the material referred to by the term concrete.

1.5 Ice

Ice was used by the Inuit for igloos, but has recently been used for hotels made entirely of ice as a tourist attraction in northern areas that might not otherwise see many winter tourists.

1.6 Metal

Metal is used as structural framework for larger buildings such as skyscrapers, or as an external surface covering. Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, and is the usual choice for metal structural building materials.

1.7 Plastic

The term plastics covers a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic condensation or polymerization products that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or fibers. Their name is derived from the fact that in their semi-liquid state they are malleable, or have the property of plasticity. Plastics vary immensely in heat tolerance, hardness, and resiliency. Combined with this adaptability, the general uniformity of composition and lightness of plastics ensures their use in almost all industrial applications today.

1.8 New materials and techniques

The tent has been revived as a major construction technique with the development of tensile architecture. Buildings can made of flexible material such as fabric membranes, and supported by a system of steel cables or internal air pressure.

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