2 B

2.1 bhikkhuTibet A bhikkhu (male) or bhikkhuni (female) is a Buddhist monk. Pli; Sanskrit: bhiku, bhikuni. The term literally means "beggar". A bhikkhu has taken a vow to enter the Sangha (Buddhist monastic community) and is expected obey a rule of conduct known as/ bhikshu

• A monk
• Pāli; Sanskrit: bhik ṣu
• Derivates: bhikkhuni/bhik ṣuni: a Buddhist nun

2.2 bodhi

• Awakening or Enlightenment
• Sanskrit; Pāli;

2.3 bodhi tree

• The fig tree under which Gautama reached Enlightenment, and subsequently therefore the popular name for Ficus religiosa.

2.4 bodhisattva

• A person with the intention to become a Buddha in order to liberate all other sentient beings from suffering.
• Sanskrit (Pali: bodhisatta)

2.5 Buddha

• A Buddha. Also, the Buddha, Siddhārta Gautama
• From √budh, to awaken
• Sanskrit; Pāli

2.6 buddha nature

• The ability shared by sentient beings to achieve Enlightenment.

3 D

3.1 dependent origination

• See pratitya-samutpada

3.2 dukkha

• Suffering, dissatisfaction, stress
• Pāli; Sanskrit: du ḥkha

3.3 dhamma

• A difficult term to define. Often refers to the doctrines and teachings of the faith, but it may have broader uses. Also, it is an important technical term meaning something like “ phenomenological constituent.” This leads to the potential for confusion, puns, and double entendres, as the latter meaning often has negative connotations.
• Pāli; Sanskrit: dharma

3.4 dhyana (see jhāna)

3.5 doan

• In Zen, a term for person sounding the bell that marks the beginning and end of Zazen
• Japanese

3.6 dokusan

• A private interview between a Zen student and his master. It is an important element in the Zen training, as it provides an opportunity for the student to discuss problems in his practice and to demonstrate his understanding.
• Japanese

4 E

4.1 Early Buddhist Schools

• The schools of Buddhism which arose in India after the time of the historical Buddha but before the time of the , and which the Mahāyāna later criticized. These are sometimes identified as " " by later schools. Also called sravakayāna. The Theravada is the only surviving of what are usually numbered the eighteen early schools (though it's not always clear which precise sects are meant).

5 F

5.1 fukudo

• In Zen, term for person who strikes the Han
• Japanese

6 G

6.1 gassho

• A position used for greeting, with the palms together and fingers pointing upwards in prayer position. It is used in the Zen tradition, but also common in many cultures in the East. It expresses greeting, request, thankfulness, reverence and prayer.
• Japanese: ; Sanskrit: Anjali

6.2 gongan

• Lit. "Public case." A meditative method developed in the Chan/ Seon/ Zen traditions, generally consisting of a problem that defies solution by means of rational thought
• Chinese; Japanese: koan (公案); Korean: gong'an

7 H

7.1 Han

• In Zen monasteries, wooden board that is struck announcing sunrise, sunset and the end of the day
• Japanese

8 I

8.1 ino

• In Zen, one of the leaders of a sesshin
• Japanese

9 J

9.1 Jhana

• Meditative contemplation. More often associated with samatha practices than vipa syana. See also: shamata , samadhi, samapatti
• Pāli; Sanskrit: dhyāna

9.2 Jisha

• In Zen, Roshi's attendant during sesshin or dokusan
• Japanese

10 K

10.1 Kensho

• In Zen, enlightenment. Kensho has the same meaning as satori, but is customary used for an initial awakening experience.
• Japanese

10.2 kinhin

• Zen walking meditation
• Japanese

10.3 koan

• See #gongan

10.4 kyosaku

• In Zen, a flattened stick used to strike the shoulders during zazen, to help overcome fatigue or reach satori. (Japanese)

11 L

11.1 Lama

• A Tibetan teacher or master. Equivalent to Sanskrit " guru".
• Tibetan

11.2 Lineage

• The official record of the historical descent of dharma teachings from one teacher to another.

12 M

12.1 makyo

• In Zen, unpleasant or distracting thoughts or illusions that occur during zazen.
• Japanese

12.2 Madhyamaka

• Buddhist philosophical school, founded by Nāgārjuna. Members of this school are called Mādhyamikas.
• Sanskrit; Chinese: Sanlun ("Three Treatise")

12.3 Mokugyo

• In Zen, a wooden drum carved from one piece, usually in the form of a fish.
• Japanese

12.4 Mok ṣa

• Liberation
• Sanskrit

12.5 Mondo

• In Zen, a short dialogue between teacher and student.
• Japanese

12.6 middle way

• The practice of avoidance of extreme views and lifestyle choices

13 N

13.1 nirvana

• Extinction or extinguishing; ultimate enlightenment in the Buddhist tradition.
• Pāli: nibbāna, Sanskrit: nirvā ṇa
• Derivates: paranibbana/ parinirvana - Final liberation ( Pli / Sanskrit)

14 O

14.1 oryoki

• Zen eating ceremony
• Japanese

15 P

15.1 paramrtha

• Absolute as opposed to merely conventional truth. See also: sa ṃv ṛti.
• Sanskrit

15.2 paramita

• Lit. "reaching the other shore," usually rendered in English as "perfection." The Mahayana practices for obtaining enlightenment
• Sanskrit

15.3

• "Dependent origination," the view that no phenomenon exists (or comes about) without depending on other phenomena around it.
• Pāli; Sanskrit: pratātya-samutpāda

15.4 Purisa

• The practicing Buddhist community as a whole; Sangha and laity

16 R

16.1 rebirth

• The process of continuity of life after death

16.2 Rinpoche

Tibetan for 'Precious one' Title for:

• Recognized rebirth of a (Tibetan) Buddhist teacher (also called tulku in Tibetan)
• Tibetan teacher
• Tibetan

16.3 Rinzai (臨済)

• Zen sect emphasizing sudden enlightenment and koan study. Named for master Linji.
• Japanese; Chinese: Linji

16.4 Rohatsu

• A day in December (usually 8th) that marks the attainment of Nirvana by Buddha
• Japanese

16.5 Roshi

• Zen title
• Japanese

17 S

17.1 samanera / shramanera

• A male novice monk, who, after a year or until the ripe age of twenty, will be considered for the higher Bhikkhu ordination.

17.2 samatha

• Mental stabilization; tranquility meditation. Distinguished from vipssana meditation.
• Pāli; Sanskrit: samatha

17.3 samu

• Work, conceived as a part of Zen training.[1]
• Japanese

17.4

• The cycle of birth and rebirth; the world as commonly experienced
• Sanskrit and Pali

17.5 sa ṃv ṛti

• Conventional, as opposed to absolute, truth. See also, paramārtha.
• Sanskrit

17.6

• The community of Buddhist monks and nuns.
• Sanskrit

17.7 Sayadaw

• Burmese meditation master

17.8 satori

• Awakening; understanding. A Japanese term for enlightenment
• Japanese; Chinese: wu

17.9 sensei

• Teacher; Zen teacher
• Japanese

17.10 skandha

• The five constituent elements into which an individual is analyzed. These are rupa, "form", sa ṃj ñā, "cognition", vedanā, "perception", *sa ṃskāras, "mental formations", *vij ñāna, "consciousness".
• Sanskrit; Pāli: khandha

17.11 sesshin

• A Zen retreat where practitioners meditate, eat and work together for several days.
• Japanese

17.12 shikantaza (只管打座)

• Soto Zen. "Only concentrated on doing sitting" is the main meditation-method of Soto school of Zen-Buddhism in Japan.

17.13

• Emptiness. See also: Ngrjuna
• Sanskrit; Pāli: suññatā

17.14 soto-shu(曹洞 宗)

• Sect of Zen emphasizing shikantaza as the primary mode of practice. See also: Dogen
• Japanese

17.15 store consciousness

• The base consciousness ( alayavijnana) taught in Yogacara Buddhism

17.16 sutta

• Scripture. Originally referred to short aphoristic sayings and collections thereof.
• Pāli; Sanskrit: sutra

18 T

18.1 tanha

• Craving or desire
• Pali (Sanskrit: trsna)

18.2 tanto

• In Zen, one of the main leaders of a sesshin.
• Japanese

18.3 Tathgata

• The "Thus-Come One" or “Thus-Gone One”; One of the Buddha's ten epithets
• Sanskrit

18.4 teisho

• A presentation by a Zen master during a sesshin. Rather than an explanation or exposition in the traditional sense, it is intended as a demonstration of Zen realisation.
• Japanese

18.5 Tenzo

• In Zen, the head cook for a sesshin
• Japanese

18.6 Three poisons

• Ignorance, craving, and ill-will.

18.7

• The "Three Baskets"; canon containing the sacred texts for Buddhism ( Pli )
• Sanskrit; Pāli: Tipi ṭaka

18.8 Tulku

• A re-incarnated Tibetan teacher
• Tibetan

19 U

19.1 upya

• Expedient. (i.e., something useful, while not necessarily ultimately true) Originally used as a polemical device against other schools—calling them “merely” expedient, lacking in ultimate truth. Later sometimes used against ones own school as well, to prevent students form forming attachments to doctrines.
• Sanskrit

20 V

20.1 Vinya

• The monastic rules of discipline for Buddhist monks & nuns.
• Pāli; Sanskrit

20.2 vipassana

• Usually translated as “Insight” (lit. from √vis-dr s, to “see apart”) meditation, most associated with the Theravada tradition, but present throughout Buddhism as an evolved tradition. Distinguished from samatha meditation.
• Pāli; Sanskrit: vipa syana

21 Z

21.1 zazen

• Zen meditation
• Japanese

21.2 Zendo

• In Zen, a hall where Zen (usually meaning zazen) is practiced (see Dojo)
• Japanese

22 See also

• Buddhism
• Buddhist texts
• Glossary for Zen

23 External links

• Pali Text Society Dictionary (Be sure to check the "Unicode font" option, and to have one; also, if looking for a word, choose "words that match")
• Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary
• Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (Login with userid "guest")

Buddhist Buddhism

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