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The British Rail Class 86 is the standard electric locomotive built during the 1960s, developed as a result of testing with the earlier Classes 81 , 82 , 83, 84 and 85. One hundred of these locomotives were built from 1965- 1966 by either English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, Newton-le-Willow , or British Rail (BR) at their Doncaster works. The class was built to haul trains on the then newly electrified West Coast Main Line, from London Euston, to BirminghamThis article is about Birmingham in England. See also Birmingham, Alabama or other places called Birmingham. Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. Being the country's second largest city, it is usually considered B, CreweThis article is about Crewe in England. There is another Crewe in Virginia, USA. Crewe is a large town in south Cheshire, in the north west of England. It is the major town in the Borough and Parliamentary Constituency of Crewe and Nantwich. In 1991 its p, Manchester Piccadilly, LiverpoolFor alternate uses of "Liverpool" see Liverpool (disambiguation Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside in north west England, on the north side of the Mersey estuary. Liverpool is governed by Liverpool City Council, one of five council and later PrestonThis article is about Preston in Lancashire, England. For other uses of the name see Preston (disambiguation). Preston is a local government district and city in North West England. It is the county town of Lancashire, and is on the Ribble river. Preston. They helped to replace steamIn physical chemistry and in engineering, steam refers to vaporized water. It is a pure, invisible gas (for mist see below), which at standard atmospheric pressure has a temperature of around 100 degrees celsius, and occupies about sixteen hundred times t locomotives, which were finally withdrawn by BR in 1968Events Undated Booker Prize for Fiction is established by Booker plc. 1968 is known as the year of the Prague Spring and also the year of the Paris riots. The ASCII character code is standardized as ANSI Standard X3. Nauru adopt his national anthem of the.

1 Description

Class 86, no. 86229 'Lions Club International', at BirminghamThis article is about Birmingham in England. See also Birmingham, Alabama or other places called Birmingham. Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. Being the country's second largest city, it is usually considered B New Street on 5th June 2003, on a service to London Euston. This locomotive was one of the final three Class 86 locomotives operated by Virgin Trains, and was withdrawn from service in September 2003. It has since been bought for further use by Fragonset Railways. Under the earlier BR classification, the type was given the designation AL6 (meaning the 6th design of AC Locomotive), and locomotives were numbered E3101-E3200. In 1968, this was changed to Class 86, when BR introducted a new computer numbering system. From 1971 onwards, locomotives were progressively renumbered into the 86001-86048 and 86201-86252 series.

Throughout the 1970s, the class saw use on both express passenger and freight services. Locomotives in the 860xx series (or Class 86/0) were used for both passenger and freight, and were fitted with lower-speed bogies. The 862xx series (or Class 86/2) tended to be used primarily for passenger trains, and therefore were fitted with higher-speed bogies. A later development saw Class 86/2 locomotives fitted with TDM to enabled them to operate push-pull passenger trains, to avoid having to run the locomotive round a train at a terminus (see DBSO, DVT). Locomotives 86040-86048 were also fitted with TDM, and renumbered 86253-86261. In 1974, their sphere of operation expanded, with the extension of electrifcation north from Preston to Carlisle and Glasgow. As BR therefore required more electric locomotives, three locomotives, nos. 86201-86203, were converted into 5000 bhp tested locomotives, and renumbered 86101-86103. Their success led to the development and introduction of Class 87 locomotives. From 1978 onwards, BR started to name some of their Class 86 fleet, many of them after cities or counties along the lines that they worked. Class 86, no. 86247 'Abraham Darby', at Crewe on 1st June 2003, on a service to Liverpool. This locomotive was operated by Virgin Trains, whose livery it carries. It was one of the final three Class 86 locomotives operated by Virgin, and was withdrawn from service in September 2003. It is currently stored, pending reuse or scrapping.

In the early 1980s, electrification from London Liverpool Street to Cambridge, Harwich, Ipswich and Norwich saw the class employed on passenger trains to these towns. Accordingly, some Class 86/0 locomotives converted to Class 86/3, to allow them to operate at higher speeds. In addition, many of the freightliner trains to Felixstowe were also hauled as far as Ipswich by Class 86 locomotives working in multiple. By the end of the 1980s, the need for a standard fleet saw all remaining Class 86/0 and Class 86/3 locomotives fitted with higher-speed bogies and TDM and converted to Class 86/4. These locomotives were now inter-operable with Class 86/2, and thus gave greater operational flexibility.