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Brine shrimp (Artemia) are a primitive type of aquatic crustacean. They are more closely related to zooplankton than to true shrimp and are found worldwide in saltwater, though not in oceans. Artemia is a well known genus as one variety, the Artemia salina, has been sold as novelty gifts, most commonly under the marketing name Sea Monkeys.

Artemia were first discovered in Lymington, England in 1755. There are mixed views on whether all brine shrimp are part of one species or whether the varieties that have been identified are properly classified as separate species.

Brine shrimp are metabolically inactive as embryos and can remain in this state for several years in dry oxygen-free conditions. Once placed in water, the cyst-like embryos hatch within a few hours, and will grow to a length of around one centimeter on average. Brine shrimp have a life cycle of one year. This short life span, and other characteristics, such as their ability to remain dormant for long periods have made them invaluable in scientific research, including space experiments.

Brine shrimp can tolerate varying levels of salinity, and a common biology experiment in school is to investigate the effect of salinity levels on the growth of these creatures.

The nutritional properties of newly hatched brine shrimp make them particularly suitable to be sold as aquariumAn aquarium is a clear-sided container (typically constructed of glass or high-strength plastic) in which water-dwelling plants and animals (usually fish) are kept in captivity. The term is also used of a public establishment that maintains a number of aq food as they are high in lipidLipids are fatty acid esters, a class of relatively water-insoluble organic molecules, which are the "basic" components of biological membranes. There are three forms of lipids: phospholipids, steroids. and triglycerides. Lipids consist of a polar or hydrs and unsaturated fatty acidIn chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or unsaturated. Most of the natural fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms, because theys. These nutritional benefits are likely to be one reason that brine shrimp are found only in highly salinated waters, as these areas are uninhabitable for potential predators.

Artemia monica

Artemia monica, the variety commonly as Mono Lake brine shrimp, are found only in Mono LakeMono Lake is an alkaline and hypersaline lake in California, United States that is critical nesting habitat for several bird species and is one of the most productive ecosystems in North America. Mono Craters to the right of the image are rhyolitic domes., Mono County, CaliforniaMono County is a county located in east central California, to east of the Sierra Nevada between Yosemite National Park and Nevada. As of 2000 the population was 12,853. The county seat is Bridgeport. The only incorporated city in the county is Mammoth La. In 19871987 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 1 Nunavut's capital changes it name to Iqaluit from Frobisher Bay. January 3 Aretha Franklin becomes the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. January 4 An Amtrak train, Dr. Dennis D. Murphy from Stanford University petitioned the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to add Artemia monica to the endangered species list under the Endangered Species Act 1973. Despite there being trillions of these creatures in Mono Lake, it was felt that rising levels of salinity of the lake would endanger them. However, the US Fish and Wildlife Service reported in the Federal Register on 7 September, 1995 that this brine shrimp did not warrant listing after the threat to the lake was removed following a revised policy by the California State Water Resources Control Board [1] [PDF].