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In 1944, Brazzaville hosted a meeting of the Free French forces and representatives of France's African colonies. The resulting Brazzaville Declaration was intended to redefine the relationship between France and its African colonies after World War II.

Until the 1960s, the city was divided into European (the center of the city) and African sections ( Poto-Poto , Bacongo , and Makélékélé ). The city has frequently been a staging ground for regional conflicts, including conflicts between rebel and government forces and between forces of the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Angola.

To distinguish between the two African countries with "Congo" in their names, the Republic of the Congo is sometimes called Congo-Brazzaville, as opposed to Congo-Kinshasa (the Democratic Republic of the Congo, known from 1971 to 1999 as ZaireZaire was the name between 1971 and 1997 of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Belgian Congo became independent in 1960 as the "Republic of the Congo", the same name as its neighbour the former French colony of Congo. The title Democratic Republic, the capital of which is KinshasaKinshasa (formerly Leopoldville is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. With a population of about 4. 5 million, it is also one of the largest cities in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh reside).

The city is a commune that is separated from the other regionsThe Republic of the Congo is divided into ten regions regions singular region (capitals in parentheses): Bouenza ( Madingou) Cuvette ( Owando) Cuvette-Ouest ( Ewo) Kouilou ( Pointe-Noire) Lekoumou ( Sibiti) Likouala ( Impfondo) Niari ( Loubomo) Plateaux ( of the republic; it is surrounded by the PoolPool is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the southeastern part of the country. It borders the regions of Bouenza, Lekoumou, and Plateaux, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It also surrounds the commune district of the nati region.