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A brain drain or human capital flight is an emigration of trained and talented individuals for other nations or jurisdictions, due to conflict or lack of opportunity or health hazards where they are living. It parallels the term " capital flight" which refers to financial capital which is no longer invested in the country where its owner lives and earned it. Investment in higher education is lost when the trained individual leaves, usually not to return. Also whatever social capital the individual has been a part of is reduced by their departure. Spokesmen for the Royal Society first coined the expression “brain drain” to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada in the early 1950s.

"Brain drain" is a perception that is hard to measure. In 2000, the US Congress announced it was raising the annual cap on the number of temporary work visas granted to highly skilled professionals under its H1B visa program, from 115,000 to 195,000 per year, effective until 2003. That suggests a ballpark figure for the influx of talent into the United States at that time. In the same year the British government cooperating with the Wolfson Foundation, a research charity, launched a £20 million, five-year research award scheme that aimed at drawing the return of the UK’s leading expatriate scientists and sparking the migration of top young researchers to the United Kingdom.

Historically, the greatest brain drains have been from rural to urban areas. In the 19th century and 20th century there were great migrations to North America from Europe, and in modern times, from developing nations to developed nations. Sometimes such drains occur between developed nations, e.g. from Canada to the United StatesThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in especially in the financeFinance is the application of the principles of financial economics to an inter-related set of monetary problems. Its aim is in the optimal use of financial instruments. In the case of a company, this generally involves balancing risk and profitability an, software, aerospace, healthcare and entertainmentEntertainment Entertainment is an amusement or diversion intended to hold the attention of an audience or its participants. Examples of entertainment include: Animation (primarily traditional, computer, and stop-motion) Betting Chat Circus Dance Film Drin industries due to higher wages and lower taxes.

IraqThe Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south, Turkey to the north, Syria to the north-west, Jordan to the west and Iran to is said to be undergoing a "brain drain."

An opposite situation, in which many trained and talented individuals seek entrance into a country, can be called a brain gain; this may create a brain drain in the nations that the individuals are leaving. A Canadian symposium in 2000 gave circulation to the new term, at a moment when many highly-skilled Canadians were moving to the United States but at the same time many qualified immigrants were coming to Canada.

See also: immigrationImmigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. An immigrant is usually someone who intends to reside permanently, and not a casual visitor or traveler. Immigration means "in-migration" into a coun, instructional capital

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Topics: Brain Drain, Brain Event, Brain Abscess, Brainfuck, Brain Tumor...

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BrainfuckBrainfuck is a minimalist computer programming language created by Urban Muller around 1993. The language is sometimes referred to as Brainf ck Brainf or just BF in polite company. Language design Muller's goal was to create a simple Turing-complete progr	Brain tumorA brain tumor is any mass created by an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells either found in the brain ( neurons, glial cells, epithelial cells, myelin producing cells etc. or spread ( metastasis) of tumor cells from elsewhere. Brain tumors are usual	BrainwashingThe term brainwashing first came into public currency in the U. during the Korean War in the 1950s as an explanation for why a few American GIs appeared to defect to the Communists after becoming prisoners of war. Brainwashing consisted of the methodology
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