Ballpoint Pen Birobidzhan Birog Biron Wisconsin Biroldo

The pens have an internal chamber filled with a viscous ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a small metal sphere (0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter); the ink dries almost immediately after contact with paper. Inexpensive, reliable and maintenance-free, they have largely replaced the fountain pen.

1 History

The ball point pen was invented in 1938 by the Hungarian journalist Laszlo Biro, who noticed that the ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. He tried using the same ink in a fountain pen but found that it would not flow into the nib, as it was too viscous. Working with his brother Georg, a chemist, he developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket, and as it turned it would pick up ink from a cartridge and then roll to deposit it on the paper. An earlier patent on the same basic idea, dated 18881888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). In Germany, 1888 is known as the 1888 Year of Three Emperors. Events January 3 91cm telescope first used at Lick Observatory January 12 ? Blizzards in Dakota and Montana, Minnesota, Nebr, was unused and expired. In addition, it has been argued that a design, by GalileoGalileo Galilei ( Pisa, February 15, 1564 Arcetri, January 8, 1642), was a Tuscan astronomer, philosopher, and physicist who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. His great achievements include perfecting the telescope, a variety of astron (during the 17th century16th century 17th century 18th century more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601- 1700. During this period, the power of England and the United Provinces increased; while that of), was that of a ballpoint pen.

In 19431943 is the common year starting on Friday. Events January January 4 End of term for Culbert Olson, 29th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Earl Warren. January 11 The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China. January 1 the brothers moved to ArgentinaArgentina is a Spanish-speaking country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in th and on June 10June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. Events 1190 Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. 1692 Salem witch trials: Bridge filed another patent, and formed Biro Pens of Argentina. This new design was licensed by the BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a state in Western Europe, usually known simply as the United Kingdom the UK Britain or less accurately as Great Britain . The UK was formed by a series of Acts of Union which united the formerly, who produced ball point pens for RAFThe Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF is the air force of the United Kingdom. History Formation and Early History The Royal Flying Corps was formed by Royal Warrant on May 13, 1912 superseding the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers. The Royal Na aircrew, who found they worked much better than fountain pens at high altitude. In many countries (notably several European countries, Australia, and New Zealand), ball point pens are still widely referred to as biros .

Eversharp, a maker of mechanical pencil s teamed up with Eberhard-Faber in May 1945 to license the design for sales in the United States. At about the same time a US businessman saw a Biro pen in a store in Buenos Aires. He purchased several samples and returned to the U.S. to found the Reynolds International Pen Company, producing the Biro design without license as the Reynolds Rocket. He managed to beat Eversharp to market in late 1945; the first ballpoint pens went on sale at Gimbel's Department Store in New York City on October 29, 1945 for US$12.50 each. This pen was widely known as the rocket in the U.S. into the late 1950s.

Similar pens went on sale before the end of the year in England, and by the next year in most of Europe.

2 Description

There are two basic types of ball point pen: disposable and refillable.

Disposable pens are chiefly made of plastic throughout and discarded when the ink is consumed; refillable pens are metal or plastic and tend to be higher in quality and price. The refill tends to replace the entire internal ink reservoir and ball point unit rather than actually refilling it with ink.

The simplest types of ball point pens have a cap to cover the tip when the pen is not in use, while others have a mechanism for retracting the tip. This is usually controlled by a button at the top and powered by a spring within the pen apparatus, but other possibilities include a pair of buttons, a screw, or a slide.

Multi-color pens have several fillings of differently colored ink inside, and one can select which one to move from its retracted position and use. One of the most common types is a four-color pen with the colors black, red, blue, and green.

Early pens were notorious for leaking, but changes to the composition of the ink have largely made this a thing of the past. The major change was to include additives that make the ink normally much more viscous, but thin out under pressure. The pressure of the ball inside the socket starts the ink flowing, but when the pen is lifted the pressure drops and the ink thickens again.

The most recent developments in the technology include:

Multi-color pens, with multiple ink refills and ballpoints which are switchable at will. This type of pen was first introduced by Bic in the 1970s;

Rollerball pens, which combine the ballpoint design with the use of liquid ink and flow systems from fountain pens;

"Space Pens," developed by Fisher in the United States, which combine a more viscous than normal ballpoint pen ink with a gas pressurized piston which forces the ink toward the point. This design allows the pen to write even upside down or in zero gravity environments. It was designed for the use of NASA, and has since been used in both American and Russian spaceflight. Fisher has capitalized on the design, developing a line of "Space Pens" for consumer use.

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1 History

2 Description

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