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The Gulf of Tonkin (480 kmx240 km) lies between Vietnam and China. Notably shallow (less than 60 meters deep), it is the northwest arm of the South China Sea. The Red River flows into the Gulf. Haiphong, Vietnam, and Beihai, China, are the chief ports. The Chinese Hainan Island lies in the Gulf. Other small islands in the gulf include:

The Gulf is notable in history because of events in August of 1964 that led to the open involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Because in several Asian languages, "Tonkin" means both Tonkin and TokyoTokyo (; Tokyo lit. eastern capital) is the capital of Japan as well as the most populous conurbation in Japan, and the world's largest metropolitan area by population with 33,750,000 people living within its urban influence. A little more than 12 million, Vietnamese call it the Vịnh Bắc Bộ ("Bac Bo Gulf"; "Gulf/Bay of the North"). Modern Chinese geographerA geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of the physical environment and human habitat. Historically known as someone who makes maps, mapmaking is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography. The geogras use this convention as well, calling it the Beibu Gulf (北部灣).

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