Beeston Castle Prehistory Earl Ranulf Design Of The Castle

The gate to the inner bailey of Beeston Castle as it appears in 2004, with a modern bridge for visitors

1 Prehistory

Beeston crag is one of a chain of rocky hills stretching across the Cheshire plain. Remains have been found of a Bronze age community living there about 800 BC, and an Iron age hill fort on the site in around 400 BC.

2 Earl Ranulf

Ranulf de Blundeville was the only son of Hugh, fifth Earl of Chester , and became sixth earl on the death of his father in 1181Events Jayavarman VII assumes control of the Khmer kingdom. The word Albigensians first used by chronicler Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois to describe the inhabitants of Albi, France. September 1 Lucius III becomes pope. Births St. Francis of Assisi Deaths, inheriting a rich earldon spreading from Cheshire to LincolnshireThis article is about the English administrative county. For the Illinois village, see Lincolnshire, Illinois; for the Kentucky city, see Lincolnshire, Kentucky. Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs is a county in the East Midlands of England, traditionally th. Ranulf was at war with his WelshFor alternate meanings, see Wales (disambiguation Wales ( Welsh: Cymru pronounced /"k@mrI/ SAMPA, km IPA, 'Kumree' approximate pronunciation) is one of the four nations comprising the United Kingdom (the other three being England, Scotland and Northern Ir neighbours until 1218Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. Livonian Brothers of the Sword begin to conquer Estonia. Minamoto no Sanetomo becomes Udaijin of Japan. Alfonso IX of Castile founds a university in Salamanca. Ongoing events Fifth Crusade ( when he made peace with the Llewellyn ap Iorweth (Llewely the Great), and in the same year set out on a pilgrimage to JerusalemCapitals in Asia For alternate uses see Jerusalem (disambiguation Jerusalem ( Modern Hebrew: Yerushalayim Biblical Hebrew: Arabic: al-Quds see also Names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christ. On the journey he was pursuaded to join the Fifth CrusadeThe Fifth Crusade ( 1217- 1221) was an attempt to take back Jerusalem by first conquering the powerful Muslim state in Egypt. In 1213 Pope Innocent III issued the bull Quia maior calling all Christians to join a new crusade, except the kings and emperors. He returned to England in 1220Centuries: 12th century 13th century 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe and in 1225 began to build the castle at Beeston, putting in to practice new ideas in castle design he had learned in the Middle EastThe Middle East is a geographical and cultural area comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. The Middle East is a subregion of Afr.

3 Design of the castle

The castle was located and designed both as an impregnable stronghold and a symbol of power. The defences consisted of two parts. Firstly, a small inner bailey on the summit of the hill with a sheer drop on three sides side and a defensive ditch on the other. Secondly, on the lower slopes an outer bailey was created with a massive gatehouse and again a ditch. In medieval documents the castle is given the apt description Castellum de Rupe, the Castle on the Rock. Unlike many medieval castles, Beeston does not have a single massive tower or keep as its last line of defence. Instead the natural features of the land together with massive walls, strong gate houses, and carefully positioned towers made the bailies themselves the strong hold. The design is thought to be due to Ranulf himself, but he did not live to see his castle completed.

4 Royal castle

Although most of the defences were in place, there were no living quarters at Ranulf's death in 1232 and this remained so on the death of his successor John in 1237. Earl John died without a male heir and King Henry III took control of the Earldom of Cheshire and Beeston himself. Wars with Wales continued after the brief peace brokered by Ranulf, and Beeston played an important part in these conflicts. However, no attempt was made to equip the castle as a permanent residence with halls and chambers. Garrisons were probably housed in wooden structures in the outer bailey.

In 1254 Henry gave Beeston together with other lands in Cheshire to his son Prince Edward. He also gave the title Earl of Chester to the prince, a title that has always since been conferred on the heir to the throne of England. Edward was crowned king of England in 1272 and completed the conquest of Wales. Beeston was nevertheless kept in good repair and improved during his rein, and throughout the 14th century. By the 16th century the castle was considered of no further use by the English Crown and passed too Sir Hugh Beeston of Beeston Hall. The defences were neglected and parts collapsed.

5 Civil war

With the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, many neglected castles were pressed in to service. Beeston was seized on 20 February 1643 by parliamentary forces commanded by Sir William Bereton. The walls were repaired and the well was cleaned out. In 1643 part of the royal army of Ireland landed in Chester. On 13 December 1643 Captain Thomas Sandford and eight soldiers from that army crept into Beeston at night and persuaded the larger parliamentary force commanded by Captain Thomas Steele to surrender. Steele was tried and shot for his failure.

The Royalists survived a siege by parliamentary forces from November 1644 until November 1645 when they surrendered due to lack of food.

6 Present day

The castle is owned by English Heritage, and although ruined enough of the walls and towers are still in place to provide a clear picture of how it would have looked in its prime. It is open to visitors and has a small museum and visitor's centre.

7 Bibliography

K Osborne, Beesdon Castle, English heritage, 1995, BooksEnthsiast.com

8 External links

Castles in England Cheshire English Heritage

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