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Beeches are trees of the genus Fagus, family Fagaceae, including about ten species in Europe, Asia, and North America. The leaves are entire or sparsely toothed. The fruit is a small, sharply angled nutA nut in botany is a one-seeded (rarely two) simple dry fruit in which the ovary wall or part of it becomes very hard (stony or woody) at maturity. Most nuts come from pistils with inferior ovaries (see flower) and all are indehiscent (do not open at matu, borne in pairs in spiny husks known as cupules. The beech most commonly grown as an ornamental or shade treeA shade tree is any tree grown specifically for its shade. This term usually applies to large trees with spreading canopies. Some of the most popular shade trees are oaks, maples, ashes, lindens, and elms. is the European beech (Fagus sylvatica).

The southern beeches belong to a different but related genus, Nothofagus. They are found in AustraliaAustralia is the sixth-largest country in the world (geographically), the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia. Australia includes the island of Tasmania, which is an Australian State. Its neighbouring count, New ZealandFor alternative meanings, see New Zealand (disambiguation). New Zealand is a country formed of two major islands and a number of smaller islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. A common Mori name for New Zealand is Aotearoa popularly translated as Land, New GuineaNew Guinea located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known as the Torres Strait flooded around 5000 BC. The name Papua also refers to the island in whole or, New CaledoniaNew Caledonia ( French: Nouvelle-Caledonie is a territory of 18,575 km² (7,172 sq. miles) made up of a main island and several smaller islands, in the southwest Pacific. Population in 2004 is in between 250,000 and 300,000 inhabitants. Name The name deriv and South America.