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Following the Battle of Hatfield Chase on October 12, 632 (or 633), during which the Northumbrian king Edwin was killed by the invading Welsh and Mercians, Northumbria was split between its two sub-kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira, and exposed to the devastation of Cadwallon's invading army. The king of Bernicia, Eanfrith, was killed by Cadwallon after attempting to negotiate peace.

Eanfrith's brother, Oswald, then returned from exile in DalriadaDalriada or Dal Riata (as it was called in Ireland) was the kingdom of the Scotti, who migrated from County Antrim in Ulster to Argyll and eventually gave their name to Scotland. Aidan mac Gabhrain, who reigned from 574 to 608 as king of Dal Riata, built and, with the aid of a force of ScotsThe Scots tribe originated from Ireland, from the now-called counties Antrim and Down. In 500 under King Fergus, the Scots invaded Argyll and established the realm known as Dal Riata ( Dalriada) in the Pictish lands known as Caledonian by the Romans., marched against Cadwallon and confronted him near HexhamSee also Hexham, New South Wales. See also Hexham (constituency). Hexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located below the River Tyne. It originated as a monastery founded by Saint Wilfrid in 671. Its crypt survives, while the large Hexham Ab, by Hadrian's WallHadrian's Wall was a stone and turf fortification, built by the Romans across the width of Great Britain to prevent military raids by the Pictish tribes of Scotland to the north. The name is also sometimes used as a euphemism for the border between Scotla. Before the battle, it is said that he raised a crossA Greek cross (all arms of equal length), straight and rotated by 45 degrees. The bent cross or Swastika . A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars crossing each other at a 90° angle, dividing one or two of the lines in half. It is and prayedPrayer is an effort to communicate with a God, or to some deity or deities, either to offer praise to the deity, to make a request of the deity, or simply to express one's thoughts and emotions to the deity. There are a variety approaches to understanding for victory alongside his troops, and afterward the site was known as Heavenfield. Although the Welsh probably had superior numbers, they were defeated and pursued for miles by the triumphant Northumbrians. Cadwallon himself was killed.

After the battle, Oswald reunited Deira with Bernicia and became king of all Northumbria.