1.1 Time zone

Bashkortostan is located in the Yekaterinburg Time Zone (YEKT/YEKST). UTCCoordinated Universal Time or UTC also sometimes referred to as Zulu time , the basis for civil time differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. Time zones around the world are expressed as positi offset is +0500 (YEKT)/+0600 (YEKST).

1.2 Rivers

There are over 13,000 rivers in the republic. Major rivers include:

• Belaya (Agidel) RiverBelaya is the name of several rivers in Russia: In Siberia: Bolshaya Belaya (Big Belaya) in Russian), a river in the Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia in Russia, a tributary of the Angara River, which flows into the Bratsky Reservoir. Its length is 359 km. (1,430 km)
• Ufa (Öfö) RiverThe Ufa River in Russian), a river in the Urals, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast and Bashkortostan; a tributary of the Belaya River. It is 918 km in length. The area of the basin is 53,100 sq km. It freezes up between late Octoberand early December (918 km)
• Sakmara River (760 km)
• Ik (Iq) River (571 km)
• Dyoma River (556 km)
• Ay River (549 km)
• Yuruzan River (404 km)
• Bystry Tanyp River (345 km)
• Sim River (239 km)
• Nugush River (235 km)
• Tanalyk River (225 km)
• Zilim River (215 km)
• Syun River (209 km)

1.3 Lakes

There are 2,700 lakes and reservoirs in the republic. Major lakes and reservoirs include:

• Asylykül Lake (23.5 km²)
• Qandrykül Lake (15.6 km²)
• Urgun Lake (12.0 km²)
• Pavlovskoye Reservoir (120.0 km²)
• Nugushkoye Reservoir (25.2 km²)

1.4 Mountains

The republic contains part of the southern Urals, which stretch from the northern to the southern border. The highest mountains include:

• Mount Yamantaw (1,638 m)
• Mount Bolshoy Iremel (1,582 m)
• Mount Maly Iremel (1,449 m)
• Mount Arwyakryaz (1,068 m)
• Mount Zilmerdaq (909 m)
• Mount Alataw (845 m)
• Mount Yurmataw (842 m)

1.5 Natural Resources

Bashkortostan is rich in oilOil is a generic term for fluids that are not miscible with water. The name comes from Latin oleum for olive oil. Oil is frequently used to refer to petroleum an "oil shortage" generally means an inadequate supply of petroleum rather than cooking oil. reserves, and was one of the principle centers of oil extraction in the USSR. Other natural resources include natural gas, coal, iron ores, gold, gypsum and more.

1.6 Climate

• Average annual temperature: 0.3°C (mountains) to 2.8°C (plains)
• Average January temperature: -16°C
• Average July temperature: +18°C
• Average annual precipitation: no data

2 Administrative division

Main article: Administrative division of Bashkortostan.

3 Demographics

About a hundred nationalities inhabit Bashkortostan, including Russians (39%), Tatars (28%), Bashkirs (22%), Chuvash, Mari, Ukrainians, and Germans.

Spoken languages: Russian (~100%), Tatar (~30%), Bashkir (~20%).

• Population: 4,104,336 (2002)
  • Urban: 2,626,613 (70.8%)
  • Rural: 1,477,723 (29.2%)
  • Male: 1,923,233 (46.9%)
  • Female: 2,181,103 (53.1%)
• Females per 1000 males: 1,134
• Average age: 35.6 years
  • Urban: 35.2 years
  • Rural: 36.4 years
  • Male: 33.4 years
  • Female: 37.7 years
• Number of households: 1,429,004 (with 4,066,649 people)
  • Urban: 931,417 (with 2,592,909 people)
  • Rural: 497,587 (with 1,473,740 people)

3.1 Population development

Year	Population
1897	1,991,000
1913	2,811,000
1926	2,547,000
1939	3,158,000
1959	3,340,000
1970	3,818,000
1979	3,849,000
1989	3,950,000
2002	4,104,000

4 History

Bashkortostan became a republic within Russian Federation on March 31, 1992.

5 Politics

The head of government in Bashkortostan is the President. As of 2004, the president is Mortaza Ghöbäydulla uly Räximev (Rakhimov). Rakhimov was re-elected in December 2003 in a poll condemned by the OSCE for exibiting "elements of basic fraud." The election was marked by intimidation of political opponents (including job sackings), forced closure of media and enforced open-ballot voting at many factories controlled by the Rakhimov family.

6 Economy

Much of Bashkortostan's economy depends on its oil processing industry, which is a left-over from Soviet times and has seen little investment since the collapse of the USSR. Most of the industry, nominally privatized, has in fact been granted to the factions close to the president's family.

More than one half of Bashkortostan's industry is based in Ufa, the republic's capital.

7 Education

Education is in Russian, Bashkir and Tatar languages.

8 Related articles

• — Saban Tuy
• — Qorban Bayram
• — Uraza Bayram
• — Nawruz

9 External links

• Official website of Bashkortostan (in Russian)

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