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Autonomist theory developed Marxism by emphasising the ability of the working class to force changes to the organisation of the capitalist system. It therefore concentrates on working class activity autonomous from the state, trade unions or political parties. Early theorists were Mario Tronti , Antonio Negri, Sergio Bolgna and others in Italy in the 1970s. It has influenced Marxist academics including Harry Cleaver , John Holloway and Steve WrightSteve Wright (born August 26 1954 in Greenwich, London) is a radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom. He currently presents the afternoon show on BBC Radio 2. He started broadcasting in the 1970s, and worked his way to BBC Radio 1, where he presented Stev.

Autonomism may also refer to the Dutch anarchist Autonomen movement from the 1960s which concentrated on squatting, or to the German Autonomen squats of the 1980s.