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The massif was formed approximately 1.5-2.0 million years ago. Geologic studies of the massif have indicated that it is not composed of the black basalt typical of the ocean floor, but rather of dense green peridotite usually found in the mantle. The central dome is also corrugated and striated in a way that is representative of an exposed ultramafic core complex. It is believed that the massif was formed underneath the nearby Mid-Atlantic Ridge but was pulled underneath the ridge during the movement of the plates.
The Lost City Hydrothermal Field is near the summit of the ridge.