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There are two variants of asbestos-pottery depending on its asbestos amount. Asbestos pottery had an asbestos amount of 50-60%. It is usually found along evidence suggesting metal work, i.e. crucibles, moulds, slag, fused clay, artefacts of bronze and copper and stone sledge hammers. The vessel patterns are identical to the Neolithic and Bronze Age Jomon culture in Japan (jomon = rope pattern).
The asbestos ware refers to vessels containing 90% asbestos and 10% clay, and can resist heat up to 900°-1000°. The clay made the shaping of vessel possible, but the high amount of asbestos does not classify it as pottery in formal sense. It is believed that the asbestos ware was used in iron production such as spearheads, arrowheads and artefacts. The vessel is also drilled with many holes. The fact that the reductionReduction or reducing has several meanings: In mathematics, reduction is the process of manipulating a series of equations or matrices into a desired 'simpler' format. In computational complexity theory, reduction is the transformation of an instance of o of iron oresteel production. Iron ores are minerals from which metallic iron can be extracted. The iron itself is usually found in the form of magnetite (FeO) or hematite (FeO), both of which are iron oxides. However, as much of the pure magnetite and hematite ore h (FeO3) with abundant carbonAlternative meaning: Carbon (computing Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6. An abundant nonmetallic, tetravalent element, carbon has several allotropic forms: diamonds (hardest known mineral). Bindi generates large amount of carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide chemical formula C O, is a colourless, odourless, flammable and highly toxic gas. It is a major product of the incomplete combustion of carbon and carbon-containing compounds. Sources Carbon monoxide has many common sources. The exhaust of (CO) may suggest that the drilled holes was used to increase the influx of air ( oxygeneOxygene is an album of instrumental electronic music composed and produced by Jean Michel Jarre, and released in 1976 on Disques Dreyfus, licensed to Polydor. It is one of the most popular and characteristic albums in the Electronic Music genre. In 1997,) required for proper glowing process.
Lastly, the hair-temperature pottery refers to ware made of fine, sorted clay tempered with ca 30% finely cut hair and chamotte with similar shape, size, surface treatment (including decoration) as the asbestos pottery. It does not generally contains asbestos, but some samples have small traces. Hair, when used as ceramic temper, leaves thin pores in the ware after firing. Its usage is unknown, but its adiabatic capacity suggest some kind of insulating usage (but not heat resistance.)
The analyze made by University of Lund, Department of Quaternary Geology, on asbestos pottery was quite unexpected, since this part of Northen Europe, usually considered to be a step behind rest of Europe, actually introduce iron production in pre-Roman Iron Age.
It disappeare around 1800 BP, presumably due to a transition to a semi-nomadic reindeer husbandry elite amongst Laplanders.
Source: Hulthén, Birgitta, "On Ceramic ware in Northern Scandinavia during the Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Age" (1993)
MetallurgyMetallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. Extractive metallurgy Extractive metallurgy is the practice of separ Archaeological cultures