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Influenced by Papal bulls Swedish magnates in the 12th century set up crusadeing expeditions to convert the heathens in the eastern Baltic. This resulted in the establishment of the Catholic Church, the Christian religion and the Swedish conquest of Finland. Åbo, or Turku, became the principal city in Finland and residence of a Bishopric. As a result of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century the Catholic Church had to give way for the Church of Sweden which was established by Gustav I of Sweden, whose principal reformer in Finland was Mikael Agricola and from 1554 also the Bishop.
After the Finnish WarThe Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, according to the Finns in personal union with Imp Finland became part of the Russian EmpireThe Russian Empire ( Russian: also Imperial Russia covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia,. In 1817Events March 4 James Monroe succeeds James Madison as the President of the United States of America April Earthquake in Palermo, Italy April 3 Princess Caraboo appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire, England July 4 At Rome, New York, construction on th the Bishop was created Archbishop and became head of the Church in Finland. Upon independence in 1917 the Church of Finland became a state churchSee also civil religion. A state religion (also called an established church or state church is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state. The term state church is most closely associated with Christianity, although it is sometimes used i of Finland.