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It is formed on the state line between Florida and Georgia, near the town of Chattahoochee, Florida, approximately 60 mi northwest of Panama City, by the confluence of the Flint and Chatahoochee rivers. The actual confluence is submerged in the Lake Seminole reservoir formed by the Jim Woodruff Dam . It flows generally south through the forests of the Florida Panhandle, past Bristol. In northern Gulf County, it receives the Chipola River from the west. It flows into Apalachicola Bay , an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, at Apalachicola . The lower 30 mi (48 km) of the river is surrounded by extensive swamps and wetlands except at the coast. The channel of the river is dreged by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide navigation.
Except for the area around its mouth, the river provides the boundary between the Eastern and Central time zones in the United States.