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To do this anticipation, prediction markets and other risk management techniques may be embedded into bureaucracies and agencies to overcome the groupthink inherent in such bodies, that makes it quite difficult for them to anticipate uncomfortable future events. The FutureMAP program of the Information Awareness Office program of the United States government proposed a prediction market prior to its cancellation on July 29 2003.
Well-known advocates of the anticipatory approach include Newt Gingrich, Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler , K. Eric Drexler, and Robin Hanson. They all advocate approaches where the public, not just experts, participate in this "anticipation". It is questionable whether the US TIA program has, or can have, enough openness to satisfy any of them.
Bioregional democracyBioregional democracy (or the Bioregional State is a set of Electoral Reforms designed to force the political process in a democracy to better represent body and environment concerns, e. water quality. This movement is variously called bioregional democra can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates (using a similar scientific process) the ecological healthEcological health or ecological integrity or ecological damage is used to refer to symptoms of an ecosystem's pending loss of carrying capacity, ability to perform nature's services, or pending ecocide due to cumulative causes such as pollution. The term outcomes of any given action. However it usually relies more on far less fragile means, and less on compared measures and quantities:An alternative, deliberative democracyDeliberative democracy also sometimes called discursive democracy is a term used by political theorists, e. Jon Elster or Jurgen Habermas, to refer to any system of political decisions based on some tradeoff of consensus decision making and representative, may combine with either the anticipatory or the bioregional model. It relies less on formal models and a market systemA market system is any systematic process of helping bidders and sellers interact and make deals. It is distinguished specifically from a voting system where candidates seek the support of voters on a less regular basis. However, the interactions between for betting on future events, and more on discussion.
Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of participatory democracyParticipatory democracy is a broadly inclusive term for many kinds of consultative decision making in a democracy. Its variants include: Anticipatory democracy Consensus democracy Deliberative democracy Direct democracy Non-partisan democracy Direct Acces with different thresholds of ease of participation, burden of proofBurden of proof is the obligation to prove allegations which are presented in a legal action. More colloquially, burden of proof refers to an obligation in a particular context to defend a position against a prima facie other position. Legal uses In juris, concern for non-human life or future generations, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferencesThe tolerances versus preferences dilemma emerges in many problems in ethics, particularly in politics and economics. In essence, the dilemma is that the presentation of any problem to the public requires it to be framed in such a way that the public is e or ideals of truthThis article is primarily concerned with truth as it is used in the evaluation of assertions. For example, The world is a sphere" is true''. When used in this way, it is properly contrasted with false''. Truth is a concept of primary importance to philoso. Sometimes a deliberative model is described as more "left" and an anticipatory model as more "right". Those who wish to avoid this debate and see merits to both approaches, e.g. Greens, usually prefer the generic term " participatory democracy." This term has become fundamental to green politics itself.
Other terms which likewise have more specific associations with advocates or methods include: grassroots democracy, semi-direct democracy, consensus democracy. See outlines in the articles on democracy and on forms of government.