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The amide anion is the conjugate base of ammonia, NH2-. It is an extremely strong base, due to the extreme weakness of ammonia as a Bronsted acid.
Amides are the members of a group of chemical compounds containing nitrogen. Specifically, an amide is a derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an amine or ammonia.
The amide functional group is:
Amides are commonly formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acids with an amine:
This is the reaction that forms peptide bonds between amino acids. These amides can participate in hydrogen bonding as hydrogen bond acceptors and donors, but do not ionize in aqueous solution, whereas their parent acids and amines are almost completely ionized in solution at neutral pH.
An amide linkage is kinetically stable to hydrolysis. Amide linkages in a biochemical context are called peptide linkages. Amide linkages constitute a defining molecular feature of proteinsmyoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, which led to them receiving a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A protein is a complex,, the secondary structurealpha helices are shown in colour, and random coil in white, there are no beta sheets in shown. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, which led to them receivin of which is due in part to the hydrogen bonding abilities of amides.
Amide formation plays a role in the synthesis of some condensation polymerCondensation polymers (or polyamides are any class of polymer formed through a condensation reaction, as opposed to addition polymers which involve the reaction of unsaturated monomers. Nylon is a common condensation polymer. It is manufactured by reactins, such as nylonNylon Density1150 kg/m3 Electrical conductivity(σ)10-12 (m· ohm)-1 Thermal conductivity0. 25 W/(m·K) Nylon is a synthetic polymer, a plastic, invented on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at the E. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington,.
SulfonamideSulfonamides also known as sulfa drugs are synthetic antimicrobial agents derived from sulfonic acid. In bacteria, these drugs are competitive inhibitors of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. This reactions are analogs of amides in which the atom double bonded to oxygen is sulfurSulfur (or sulphur see spelling) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol S and atomic number 16. An abundant tasteless odorless multivalent non-metal, sulfur is best known as yellow crystals and occurs in many sulfide and sulfate rather than carbon.Amides can be broken down in amide hydrolysis.
Compounds in which a hydrogen atom on nitrogen from ammonia or an amine is replaced by a metal cation are also known as amides, or azanides.