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During the Second World War, high unemployment in Copenhagen led authorities to a drain a large part of the sea west of the island, and build a dam to hold out the water, effectively adding one half of Amager's previous area to the island.

The reclaimed area is currently known as Kalvebod Fælled , and was originally a military area, but today it is part of a major construction area called the Ørestad , being thought of as an extension to central Copenhagen . This project was initiated by the Danish government. Large parts of Kalvebod Fælled has rich nature and grazing cows. This area is used by many citizens of Copenhagen as an opportunity to experience nature, not many hundred meters away from the city.

Various communities are located on Amager, including Dragør, Kastrup , and Tårnby.

The Øresund bridge connects to Denmark on Amager. The construction of the bridge has had a large impact on the physical geography of the island, largely due to the construction of new highways.