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Alvin Toffler (born October 3, 1928) is an American writer and futurist, known for his works discussing the digital revolution, communications revolution , and corporate revolution . His early work focused on technology and its impact (through effects like information overload). Then he moved to examining the reaction of and changes in society. His later focus has been on the increasing power of 21st century military hardware, weapons and technology proliferation, and capitalism.1 His ideas
Toffler explains, "Society needs people who take care of the elderly and who know how to be compassionate and honest. Society needs people who work in hospitals. Society needs all kinds of skill that are not just cognitive; they're emotional, they're affectional. You can't run the society on data and computers alone."
In his book 'The Third Wave' Toffler describes three types of societies, based on the concept of 'waves' - each wave pushes the older societies and cultures aside.
- First Wave is the society after agrarian revolution and replaced the first hunter-gatherers cultures.
- The main components of the Second Wave society are nuclear family, factory-type education system and the corporation. Toffler writes: "The Second Wave Society is industrial and based on mass production, mass distribution , mass consumption , mass education, mass media, mass recreation , mass entertainment , and weapons of mass destructionWeapons of mass destruction WMD are weapons designed to kill large numbers of people, typically targeting civilians and military personnel alike. Some types of WMDs are considered to have a psychological impact rather than a strictly military usefulness.. You combine those things with standardizationStandardization in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. It can also be viewed as a mechani, centralizationCentralization is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding decision-making, become concentrated within a particular location and/or group. In political science, this refers to the concentration of a government's, concentration, and synchronization, and you wind up with a style of organizationAlternative meaning: Organisation (band). An organization (also organisation in many Commonwealth countries) is a formal group of people with one or more shared goals. This topic is a broad one. According to management science, most human organizations fa we call bureaucracyIn sociological theories, bureaucracy is an organizational structure characterized by regularized procedure, division of responsibility, hierarchy, and impersonal relationships. The term can characterize either governmental or nongovernmental organization."
- Third Wave is the post-industrial society. Toffler would also add that since late 1950s most countires are moving away from a Second Wave Society into what he would call a Third Wave Society. He coined lots of words to describe it and mentions names invented by other people, like the Information AgeThe Information Age is a name sometimes given to the period after the Industrial Age. Opinions differ on whether we are currently living in the Information Age or whether it is still to come. The most basic definition of an information age is one where th.
In this post-industrial society, there is a lot of diversity in lifestyleIn sociology, a lifestyle is the way a person (or a group) lives. This includes patterns of social relations, consumption, entertainment, and dress. A lifestyle typically also reflects an individual's attitudes, values or worldview. Having a specific "lifs ("subcults").
Adhocracies (fluid organizations like, say, the Wikipedia community) adapt quickly to changes.
Information can substitute most of the material resources (see ersatz) and becomes the main material for workers ( cognitarian s instead of proletarians), who are loosely affiliated.
Mass customization enables cheap production of personalized products catering to small niches (see just in time production).
The gap between producer and consumer is bridged by technology.
" Prosumers" can fill their own needs (see Open Source, assembly kit , freelance work).
During the 1980s, he was read and listened to across the world as people tried to make sense of the impact of new technologies and social change.
Toffler's writings have been influential beyond the confines of scientific, economic and public policy discussions. Techno music pioneer Juan Atkins cites Toffler's phrase "techno rebels" in Future Shock as inspiring him to use the word "techno" to describe the musical style he helped to create.
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