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Shlyapnikov was born in Murom, Russia. He began factory work at age thirteen and became a revolutionary at age sixteen. He joined the Bolsheviks in 1903. He was arrested and imprisoned at various times for his radical political activities, including his involvement with the 1905 revolution. Shlyapnikov left Russia in 1908 and continued his revolutionary activities in Western Europe, where he also worked in factories and was a devoted trade unionist.

Shlyapnikov returned to Russia in 1916 and along with Vyacheslav Molotov was the senior Bolshevik in Petrograd at the time of the February revolution in 1917 as figures such as Lenin and Stalin still lived in exile.

Shlyapnikov promoted the role of workers in the party and in management of the economy. In 1917, he was elected to chairmanship of the Petrograd and then All-Russian Metalworkers' Union.

Following the October revolution and the Bolshevik ascendency to power, Shlyapnikov was appointed Commissar of Labour. Shlyapnikov argued for a coalition government composed of all parties represented in the All-Russian Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.

Shlyapnikov, along with Alexandra Kollontai, became leaders of the Workers' OppositionThe Workers' Opposition was a faction of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that emerged in 1920 as a response to the perceived over-bureaucratisation that was occurring in the Soviet Union. It was led by Alexander Shlyapnikov and Alexandra Kollantai movement inside the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionFor other usage of the initials CPSU see CPSU (disambiguation). The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Russian: was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wordin. This movement advocated the role of workers, organized in trade unions, in managing the economy and the political party. Lenin succeeded in suppressing the Workers' Opposition. He also tried to have Shlyapnikov removed from the party's Central Committee, but was unsuccessful.

Shlyapnikov turned to writing his memoirs under Stalin, who in 19301930 is the common year starting on Wednesday. see link for calendar) Events January-February January 6 The first diesel-engine automobile trip is completed ( Indianapolis, Indiana, to New York City). January 27 Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns January 30 G forced Shlyapnikov to publish a public confession of his "political errors". Shlyapnikov was expelled from the Communist Party in 1933Centuries: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s Years: 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 See also 1933 in aviation 1933 in film 1933 in literature 1933 in mu and imprisoned in 1935. He was executed on the 2nd September 1937, during the Purges.