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Martin was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey and attended the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University), graduating with an A.B. degree in 1756 and an A.M. in 1759Events January 11 In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated. January 13 The Tavora family is executed following the accusation of attempted regicide on Joseph I of Portugal January 15 The British Museum opens. He moved to North Carolina around 1761Events January 16 British capture Pondicherry, India from the French. February 8 Earthquake in London breaks chimneys in Limehouse and Poplar March 8 Second earthquake in North London, Hampstead and Highgate In Dutch Guayana a “state” formed by escaped sl and became a practicing attorney in Guilford CountyGuilford County is a county located in the U. State of North Carolina. As of 2000, the population is 421,048. Its county seat is Greensboro 6. History The county was formed in 1771 from parts of Rowan County and Orange County. It was named for Francis Nor.
In 1774Events January 21 Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I. May 10 Louis XVI becomes King of France. June 2 Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers int, Martin was elected to the Colonial Assembly in North Carolina; he fought in the Continental ArmyThe Continental Army was the unified command structure of the thirteen colonies fighting Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. The Army was created by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 15, 1775. Most of the Continental Army w at the Battles of BrandywineThe Battle of Brandywine was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought on September 11, 1777 near Chadds Ford on Brandywine Creek in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The battle was a major victory for the British and enabled them to capture the city and GermantownThe Battle of Germantown was a battle in the American Revolutionary War. After the September 26, 1777 occupation of Philadelphia by Charles Cornwallis, on October 2nd, General George Washington created a plan of attack on Howe's 9,000-troop garrison stati. He resigned his commission in 1777Events The Cornish language died out 2nd edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica published January 3 American general George Washington defeats British general Charles Cornwallis at the Battle of Princeton. January 12 Mission Santa Clara de Asis is founded in and returned to North Carolina, where he served in the North Carolina Senate during periods from 1778 to 1782, in 1785, and from 1787 to 1788.
In 1782, the General Assembly elected him North Carolina Governor; he served until 1744. Martin was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. A Federalist, Martin was elected the first governor of North Carolina under the North Carolina Constitution of 1789 .
Term-limited as Governor, Martin was elected to the United States Senate and served there for a single term from 1793 to 1799. As a member of Congress, he opposed the Jay Treaty but supported the Alien and Sedition Acts. Also an advocate for education, Martin served on the Board of Trustees of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1790 until his death in 1807.
The General Assembly refused to appoint him to a second term in the U.S. Senate; Martin then retired to his North Carolina farm. He did return to politics during the last years of his life, serving from 1805 to 1807 as speaker of the state senate.