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Maternal death is the death of a woman in childbirth. It usually occurs during or after a live birth. The UN estimated a world-wide total of 529,000 maternal deaths in the year 2000 with less than one percent of deaths occurring in developed nations. Maternal Mortality Ratio is the ratio of the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. In the United States, the maternal death rate is 17 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in the year 2000. Sierra Leone has the highest maternal death rate at 2,000, and Afghanistan has the second highest maternal death rate at 1900 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, reported by the UN based on 2000 figures. Lowest rates included Iceland at 0 per 100,000 and Austria at 4 per 100,000. "Lifetime risk of maternal death" accounts for number of pregnancies and risk. In sub-Saharan Africa the lifetime risk of maternal death is 1 in 16, for developed nations only 1 in 2,800.
High rates of maternal deaths occur in the same countries that have high rates of infant mortality reflecting generally poor nutrition and medical care.
Low birth weight of the child increases the risk of maternal death from cardiovascular disease. Subtracting one kilogram of infant birth weight doubles the risk of maternal death. Therefore, the heavier the birth weight of child, the lower the risk of maternal death.
1 Known maternal death victims
- Julia Caesaris, daughter of Julius Caesar
- The mother of Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of U.S. President William McKinleyWilliam McKinley Order 25th President Term of Office March 4, 1897 September 14, 1901 Predecessor Grover Cleveland Successor Theodore Roosevelt Date of Birth January 29, 1843 Place of Birth Niles, Ohio Date of Death September 14, 1901 Place of Death Buffa (She died giving birth to her last child when her son Leon Czolgosz was twelve years old.)
- The Biblical RachelFor the 19th-century French actress, see Rachel (actress). For the Israeli poetess, see Rachel (poet). In the Book of Genesis, Rachel "Ewe", Standard Hebrew Rael Tiberian Hebrew Rel Rel is the second and favourite wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Be, died giving birth to BenjaminIn the Old Testament, Benjamin "Son of my right hand" but in some Rabbinical traditions "Son of the south", Standard Hebrew Binyamin Tiberian Hebrew Binymin is the younger son of Jacob and Rachel (Gen. His birth took place on the road between Bethel and E ( GenesisThis article is about Genesis the first book of the Hebrew Bible. See Genesis (disambiguation) for other usages of the word. Genesis ( Greek: , having the meanings of "birth", "creation", "cause", "beginning", "source" and "origin"; translated from Hebrew 35:16-20)
2 Known people whose mothers died giving birth to them
- Roy HarperRoy Harper is also the civilian identity of the comic book superhero known as Speedy or Arsenal. Roy Harper (born June 12, 1941), is a British singer-songwriter who specialises in uncompromising introspective lyrics and folk influenced compositions. Early, musician
- Mary ShelleyMary Wollstonecraft Shelley ( August 30, 1797 February 1, 1851) was an English writer who is, perhaps, equally-famously remembered as the wife of Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and as the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus''. Biography M, writer
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